Petroleum
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The offshore production platforms of Australia dataset is a combination of digital dataset acquired from Petroleum and Marine Division (PMD) and an extensive web search. The dataset is maintained on an ongoing basis, with source material acquired from company websites and state/territory agencies. Each offshore facility has information containing the following attributes; NAME, PROJECT, BASIN, STATE, STRUCTURE, TYPE, PRODUCT, STATUS, COMMISSION, OPERATOR, WELLS_Y_N, OIL_WELLS, GAS_WELLS, MANNED, FIELD,GOING_TO, DEPTH_M, TANKER_DWT, OIL_TBBLPD, H2O_TBWPD, FLUID_TBFPD, COND_MCFPD, LPG_TBBLPD, GAS_MCFPD, OIL_TBBL, BUTANE, PROPANE, CONDENSATE, COMPRESSN, REINJECTN, GAS_LIFT, H2O_INJECT, COMMENTS, SOURCE1, SOURCE2 This dataset has been developed in conjunction with a number of related datasets including gas processing, gas storage liquid processing and gas pipelines. This dataset was designed to combine Geosciences' offshore platform with more attributes sourced from the internet.
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The Australian Petroleum Source Rocks Mapping project is a new study to improve our understanding of the petroleum resource potential of Australia's sedimentary basins. The Permian source rocks of the Cooper Basin, Australia's premier onshore hydrocarbon producing province are the first to be assessed for this project. Quantifying the spatial distribution and petroleum generation potential of these source rocks is critical for understanding both the conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon prospectivity of the basin. Source rock occurrence, thickness, quality and maturity are mapped across the basin and original source amount and quality maps prior to the onset of generation are calculated. Source rock property mapping results and basin specific kinetics are integrated with 1D thermal history models and a 3D basin model to create a regional multi-1D petroleum systems model for the basin. The modelling outputs quantify both the spatial distribution and total maximum hydrocarbon yield for ten source rocks in the basin. Monte Carlo simulations are used to quantify the uncertainty associated with hydrocarbon yield and to highlight the sensitivity of results to each input parameter. The principal source rocks are the Permian coals and carbonaceous shales of the Gidgealpa Group, with highest potential yields from the Patchawarra Formation coals. The total generation potential of the Permian section highlights the significance of the basin as a world class hydrocarbon province. The systematic workflow applied here demonstrates the importance of integrated geochemical and petroleum systems modelling studies as a predictive tool for understanding the petroleum resource potential of Australia's sedimentary basins.
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The ‘Australia’s Future Energy Resources’ (AFER) project is a four-year multidisciplinary investigation of the potential energy commodity resources in selected onshore sedimentary basins. The resource assessment component of the project incorporates a series of stacked sedimentary basins in the greater Pedirka-western Eromanga region in eastern central Australia. Using newly reprocessed seismic data and applying spatially enabled, exploration play-based mapping tools, a suite of energy commodity resources have been assessed for their relative prospectivity. One important aspects of this study has been the expansion of the hydrocarbon resource assessment work flow to include the evaluation of geological storage of carbon dioxide (GSC) opportunities. This form of resource assessment is likely to be applied as a template for future exploration and resource development, since the storage of greenhouse gases has become paramount in achieving the net-zero emissions target. It is anticipated that the AFER project will be able to highlight future exploration opportunities that match the requirement to place the Australian economy firmly on the path of decarbonisation.
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In 2021, a total of 21 areas were released for offshore petroleum exploration. They are located in the Bonaparte Basin, Browse Basin, Northern Carnarvon Basin, Otway Basin, Sorell Basin and Gippsland Basin. Despite COVID-19 negatively impacting the industry, participation in the acreage release nomination process was again robust, however, as has been the case in recent years, industry interest is focussed on those areas that are close to existing discoveries and related infrastructure. In tune with the Australian government’s resource development strategy, the areas being offered for exploration are likely to supply extra volumes of natural gas, both for export to SE Asian markets and domestically to meet the forecasted shortage in eastern Australia. According to the 2019 implementation of a modified release process, only one period for work program bidding has been scheduled. The closing date for all submissions is Thursday, 3 March 2022. Geoscience Australia continues to support industry activities by acquiring, interpreting and integrating pre-competitive datasets that are made freely available in the context of the agency’s regional petroleum geological studies. As part of a multidisciplinary study, new data, including regional seismic and petroleum systems modelling for the Otway Basin is now available. Also, a stratigraphic/sedimentological review of the upper Permian to Early Triassic succession in the southern Bonaparte Basin has been completed, the results of which are being presented at this APPEA conference. Large seismic and well data sets, submitted under the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 (OPGSSA) are made available through the National Offshore Petroleum Information Management System (NOPIMS). Additional data and petroleum related information can be accessed through Geoscience Australia’s data repository. Appeared in The APPEA Journal 61(2) 294-324, 2 July 2021
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The tables contain the analytical data obtained on samples collected from various dredge sites during the Bremer Cruise in the Denmark and Bremer sub-basins. The organic petrological datasets involve vitrinite reflectance, maceral group and maceral class. The organic geochemistry datasets involve Rock Eval, total organic carbon, bitumen extract and gas chromatography.
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The Liquid Fuel Depots Database presents the spatial locations; in point and polygon format, all known liquid fuel depots within Australia.
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All available processed seismic data and well completion reports relevant to the 2007 Acreage Release. Datasets available in Geoframe, Kingdom and Landmark workstation formats.
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An assessment of tight, shale and deep coal gas prospectivity of the Cooper Basin has been undertaken as part of the Australian Government’s Geological and Bioregional Assessment Program. This aims to both encourage exploration and understand the potential impacts of resource development on water and the environment. This appendix presents a review of the regional petroleum prospectivity, its exploration, and the characterisation and analysis of shale, deep coal and tight gas in Carboniferous–Permian Gidgealpa Group of the Cooper Basin. The Cooper Basin is Australia’s premier onshore conventional hydrocarbon-producing province providing domestic gas for the East Coast Gas Market. As of December 2014, the Cooper and Eromanga basins have produced 6.54 Tcf of gas since 1969. The basins contain 256 gas fields as well as 166 oil fields that are currently in production. Gas is predominantly reservoired in the Cooper Basin, whereas the overlying Eromanga Basin hosts mainly oil. Hydrocarbon shows are found in the reservoir units throughout the succession. Recently, exploration targeting a range of unconventional plays has gained momentum. Unconventional play types within the mainly Permian Gidgealpa Group include shale gas associated with the Patchawarra Formation and the Roseneath and Murteree shales, tight and deep coal gas accumulations within the Toolachee, Epsilon and Patchawarra formations and additional tight gas plays in the Daralingie Formation and Tirrawarra Sandstone. To date, at least 80 wells have been drilled to test shale, tight and deep coal gas plays. Given the basin’s existing conventional production, and its processing and pipeline infrastructure, these plays are well placed to be rapidly commercialised, should exploration be successful. A prospectivity confidence mapping workflow was developed to evaluate the regional distribution of key unconventional gas plays within the Gidgealpa Group. For each play type, key physical properties were identified and characterised. The specific physical properties evaluated include formation extents, source rock properties (net thickness, TOC, quality and thermal maturity), reservoir characteristics (porosity, permeability, gas saturation and brittleness), regional stress regime and overpressure. Parameters for mappable physical properties were individually classified to assign prospectivity rankings. Individual properties were then multiplied together produce formation and play-specific prospectivity confidence maps. Non-mappable criteria were not integrated into the prospectivity mapping but were used to better understand the geological characteristics of the formations. Overall, both source and reservoir characteristics were found to be moderately to highly favourable for all play types assessed. Abundant source rocks are present in the Gidgealpa Group across the Cooper Basin. The Toolachee and Patchawarra formations are the richest, thickest and most extensive source rocks, with good to excellent source potential across their entire formation extents. Net shale, coal and sand thicknesses also demonstrate an abundance of potential reservoir units in the Gidgealpa Group across the basin. The predominantly fluvial Toolachee Formation is thickest in the Windorah Trough and Ullenbury Depression. Average effective porosity for assessed tight gas plays ranges from 6.7 % in the fluvio-deltaic to lacustrine Epsilon Formation to 7.8% in the Toolachee Formation. Based on an assessment of the brittleness of the shales and coaly shales, the Patchawarra Formation appears to be most favourable for hydraulic stimulation with an average Brittleness Index of 0.695, indicative of brittle rocks. This compares to the less brittle lacustrine Roseneath and Murteree shales have brittleness indices of 0.343 and 0.374, respectively. As-received total gas content is favourable, with averages ranging from 1.3 scc/g in the Patchawarra Formation to 1.6 scc/g for the Murteree Shale. The regional stress regime has an approximately east-west oriented maximum horizontal stress azimuth, resulting in predominantly strike-slip faulting to reverse faulting, depending on the depth, lithology and proximity of structures, e.g. GMI ridge. Significant overpressure is present at depths greater than 2800 m, especially in the Nappamerri and Patchawarra troughs. Overpressures are generally constrained to the Gidgealpa Group, with the Toolachee Formation being the youngest formation in which significant overpressure has been achieved. Based on a review of the geomechanical properties of the Cooper Basin sedimentary succession, it was found that stress variations within and between lithologies and formations are likely to provide natural barriers to fracture propagation between the gas saturated Permian sediments and the overlying Eromanga Basin. Prospectivity confidence maps were generated for six individual shale and deep coal plays and one combined tight gas play across the Gidgealpa Group. Comparison with key wells targeting shale, tight and deep coal gas plays, indicates that the prospectivity confidence mapping results are largely consistent with exploration activity to-date, with the highest prospectivity confidence for tight, shale and deep coal gas plays mapped in the Nappamerri, Patchawarra, Windorah, Allunga and Wooloo troughs and the southern Ullenbury Depression. Consequently, there is more confidence in the resultant maps in the southern Cooper Basin as more data was available here. Prospectivity confidence maps are relative, therefore a high prospectivity confidence does not equate to 100 % chance of success for a particular formation or play. The outputs of this regional prospectivity assessment identify areas warranting more detailed data collection and exploration and the assessment of potential impacts of resource development on water and the environment. The results also have the potential to encourage further exploration investment in underexplored regions of the Cooper Basin.
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The Onshore Energy Systems Group have undertaken a regional study on the prospectivity of the southern Georgina Basin, and present here a synopsis of the initial results from this multidisciplinary project. The Georgina Basin is a Neoproterozoic to Lower Devonian sedimentary basin covering 325,000 km2 of western Queensland and the Northern Territory (Dunster et al., 2007; Kruse et al., 2013; Munson, 2014). It is a northwest-southeast-trending extensional basin, where thick marine Cambrian and Ordovician sediments are preserved in its two southern depocentres, the Dulcie and Toko synclines, and a thinner succession is present in the Undilla Sub-basin to the northeast. Within these depocentres, the Thorntonia Limestone and Arthur Creek Formation (Figure 1) contain potential source rocks (Ambrose et al., 2001; Boreham and Ambrose, 2012). Most of the southern Georgina Basin is under license for petroleum exploration, with explorers targeting the carbonate-dominated Arthur Creek Formation for both conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons. A data package that includes raw and reprocessed HyLogging data from 25 wells in the Georgina Basin was recently released (Smith and Huntington, 2014). The HyLogging data map the mineralogical variations within formations and were used in conjunction with wireline log and biostratigraphic data to refine stratigraphic correlation. The HyLogging data were re-processed using a common set of mineral scalars (i.e., spectroscopic indices) to create an internally-consistent, basin-wide dataset. Other datasets, including total organic carbon (TOC) content, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and biostratigraphy were also integrated with the Hylogging data. The 'hot shale' of the Arthur Creek Formation has a characteristic spectral response of decreasing albedo and an increased short wave infra-red (SWIR) aspectral response with increasing depth to the base of the Arthur Creek Formation (Figure 2), which both appear to correlate with increasing core total gamma and TOC. These inter-relationships may be used to better characterise and identify potential source rock units in the basin. Recent biostratigraphic work has highlighted an age discrepancy in the prospective organic-rich `hot shale in the base of the middle Cambrian Arthur Creek Formation (Figure 1). This unit is present in the two major southern depocentres, the Dulcie and Toko synclines, where it has previously been considered as correlative. Recent results, however, suggest that the basal 'hot shale' is either significantly younger in the Toko Syncline than in the Dulcie Syncline, or represents a condensed section in the former. Middle Cambrian carbon isotope excursions have been correlated across a number of Australian basins and can be used to test correlative models across the Georgina depocentres. High resolution sampling across this middle Cambrian section has been carried out in a number of wells in the Dulcie Syncline and in the Undilla Sub-basin, where the age equivalent Inca Shale is penetrated. Carbon isotopes from organic carbon (kerogen) as well as carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of four carbonate mineral phases (calcite, ankerite, dolomite and siderite) were analysed and these data are compared with existing carbon isotope stratigraphy published from neighboring wells (Donnelly et al., 1988; Lindsay et al., 2005; Creveling et al., 2013). Initial results corroborate the new biostratigraphic interpretation.
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Update of annual NAPE brochure