<div>Australia's vast terrains harbour small seismic events that often go unnoticed due to sparse station coverage and ambient noise interference. Innovative data processing techniques hold the key to revealing signals present in the seismic records that are suppressed by noise. In this presentation, I will talk about how seismic array techniques play an important role in our ability to detect and understand these subtle seismic signals, and how we employ these methods to bridge the gaps in our seismic coverage. This has applications to earthquake monitoring, hazard assessment, and environmental insights.</div>

<div>Students can access and analyse real world earthquake data using online portals created by Geoscience Australia (GA) (Geoscience Australia data portal and Earthquakes@GA). The document provides background information for teachers about earthquakes and the online portals, as well as two student inquiry activities. Each activity includes instructions on how to access and use the relevant portal as well as questions that prompt students to find, record, and interpret the data. An Excel table is provided to accompany one of the activities.</div><div><br></div><div>The activities are suitable for use with secondary to senior secondary science and geography students. The topics covered in these activities include: earthquakes, plate tectonics and natural hazards.</div><div><br></div><div>The print version has lines provided for written answers, the accessible version is intended for digital responses. </div>

In November, 2018 a workshop of experts sponsored by UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission was convened in Wellington, New Zealand. The meeting was organized by Working Group (WG) 1 of the Pacific Tsunami Warning System (PTWS). The meeting brought together fourteen experts from various disciplines and four different countries (New Zealand, Australia, USA and French Polynesia) and four observers from Pacific Island countries (Tonga, Fiji), with the objective of understanding the tsunami hazard posed by the Tonga-Kermadec trench, evaluating the current state of seismic and tsunami instrumentation in the region and assessing the level of readiness of at-risk populations. The meeting took place in the “Beehive” Annex to New Zealand’s Parliament building nearby the offices of the Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management. The meeting was co-chaired by Mrs. Sarah-Jayne McCurrach (New Zealand) from the Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management and Dr. Diego Arcas (USA) from NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. As one of the meeting objectives, the experts used their state-of-the-science knowledge of local tectonics to identify some of the potential, worst-case seismic scenarios for the Tonga-Kermadec trench. These scenarios were ranked as low, medium and high probability events by the same experts. While other non-seismic tsunamigenic scenarios were acknowledged, the level of uncertainty in the region, associated with the lack of instrumentation prevented the experts from identifying worse case scenarios for non-seismic sources. The present report synthesizes some of the findings of, and presents the seismic sources identified by the experts to pose the largest tsunami risk to nearby coastlines. In addition, workshop participants discussed existing gaps in scientific knowledge of local tectonics, including seismic and tsunami instrumentation of the trench and current level of tsunami readiness for at-risk populations, including real-time tsunami warnings. The results and conclusions of the meeting are presented in this report and some recommendations are summarized in the final section.

This 12-page teacher guide is intended for upper primary teachers but may also be useful in secondary classrooms as well. The guide explains how to set up a micro:bit (tiny inexpensive computer) as a mini seismometer that will detect shaking, and how to collect and display the data. The guide also includes classroom-ready activities on how to introduce and explore vibrations and earthquake monitoring.

Geoscience Australia provides rapid, event-specific, earthquake information from its 24x7 earthquake information centre. Information in this service includes basic earthquake parameters (time, location and magnitude) and information about local effects including ground shaking (modelled). This includes all historic data.

Seismic Station ADE Teleseismic times charts. 2002-2008

Seismic data form South Australian Network. Stations: ADE, ALV2, DNL, FR27, GHS, GHSS, GLN, GLN2, HML1, HML2, HTT, KNC, MRAT, MYP, NBK, PLMR, SDAN, STR2, TORR, UT, UTT. Date range,2006-2017, not definitive. Some logs files.

Geoscience Australia provides rapid, event-specific, earthquake information from its 24x7 earthquake information centre. Information in this service includes basic earthquake parameters (time, location and magnitude) and information about local effects including ground shaking (modelled). This includes all historic data.

Geoscience Australia provides rapid, event-specific, earthquake information from its 24x7 earthquake information centre. Information in this service includes basic earthquake parameters (time, location and magnitude) and information about local effects including ground shaking (modelled).

Detailed Earthquake Location files 2013-2016. Station Journals (Calibrations, logs and site visits) 1991-1993. "Scan Sheets" 1993-2016. Phase Worksheets, 1963-2016.