The National HealthDirect health facilities product contains three databases presenting the spatial locations in point format of Hospitals, General Practitioners (GP) and Pharmacies

This web service delivers metadata for onshore active and passive seismic surveys conducted across the Australian continent by Geoscience Australia and its collaborative partners. For active seismic this metadata includes survey header data, line location and positional information, and the energy source type and parameters used to acquire the seismic line data. For passive seismic this metadata includes information about station name and location, start and end dates, operators and instruments. The metadata are maintained in Geoscience Australia's onshore active seismic and passive seismic database, which is being added to as new surveys are undertaken. Links to datasets, reports and other publications for the seismic surveys are provided in the metadata.

Volcanism of Late Cretaceous–Miocene age is more widespread across the Zealandia continent than previously recognized. New age and geochemical information from widely spaced northern Zealandia seafloor samples can be related to three volcanotectonic regimes: (1) age-progressive, hotspot-style, low-K, alkali-basalt-dominated volcanism in the Lord Howe Seamount Chain. The northern end of the chain (c. 28 Ma) is spatially and temporally linked to the 40–28 Ma South Rennell Trough spreading centre. (2) Subalkaline, intermediate to silicic, medium-K to shoshonitic lavas of >78–42 Ma age within and near to the New Caledonia Basin. These lavas indicate that the basin and the adjacent Fairway Ridge are underlain by continental rather than oceanic crust, and are a record of Late Cretaceous–Eocene intracontinental rifting or, in some cases, speculatively subduction. (3) Spatially scattered, non-hotspot, alkali basalts of 30–18 Ma age from Loyalty Ridge, Lord Howe Rise, Aotea Basin and Reinga Basin. These lavas are part of a more extensive suite of Zealandia-wide, 97–0 Ma intraplate volcanics. Ages of northern Zealandia alkali basalts confirm that a late Cenozoic pulse of intraplate volcanism erupted across both northern and southern Zealandia. Collectively, the three groups of volcanic rocks emphasize the important role of magmatism in the geology of northern Zealandia, both during and after Gondwana break-up. There is no compelling evidence in our dataset for Late Cretaceous–Paleocene subduction beneath northern Zealandia. <b>Citation:</b> N. Mortimer, P.B. Gans, S. Meffre, C.E. Martin, M. Seton, S. Williams, R.E. Turnbull, P.G. Quilty, S. Micklethwaite, C. Timm, R. Sutherland, F. Bache, J. Collot, P. Maurizot, P. Rouillard, N. Rollet, 2018. <i>Regional volcanism of northern Zealandia: post-Gondwana break-up magmatism on an extended, submerged continent</i>, Large Igneous Provinces from Gondwana and Adjacent Regions, S. Sensarma, B. C. Storey, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, <b>463</b>, pp199–226 This article appears in multiple journals (Lyell Collection & GeoScienceWorld)

This OGC Web Map Service (WMS) contains seabed morphology and geomorphology information for a subset area of Zeehan Marine Park (South-east Marine Parks Network) and is intended for use by marine park managers, regulators and other stakeholders. This web service uses the data product published in McNeil et al. (2023); eCat Record 148620.

In the last decade, satellite derived standard land products have increasingly been produced for medium resolution satellites such as Landsat and (more recently) Sentinel-2. These mostly involve estimating surface reflectance and surface temperature. The products generally remove or standardise atmospheric effects with some also normalizing for surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) and terrain illumination effects to provide consistent time series and mosaics. The products have been used in various land surface applications, e.g., land cover, fractional cover and water identification, including flooding, crop monitoring and other time series analysis. However, the products are generally not immediately sufficient for applications over persistent water areas, such as estimating water quality, benthic cover, sediment transport, erosion and shallow water bathymetry. These need additional corrections with different physics that are not included in standard land products. In this paper, a method is proposed that treats persistent water areas separately within the standard product and includes corrections not generally applied to the land. The processing has been designed to be fully consistent between water and land in atmospheric correction and definition of reflectance factors so that they can be combined in the same time series and form mosaics. The first step in this process was acquisition of an effective and up to date classification to separate the persistent water and land. The water areas are then atmospherically corrected in the same way as the land but not treated for BRDF or shading effects as are the land areas. For the water areas, adjacency effects are more significant near water-land interfaces and water surface effects have different physics from land surfaces. The extra corrections currently include correction for adjacency effects as well as regional sun glint and sky radiation effects. The water mask and these corrections have been added to the current existing atmospheric, BRDF and terrain corrected surface reflectance product (standard product) from Geoscience Australia (GA). However, at the scale of the Landsat and higher resolution satellite images, residual local surface and bidirectional effects still occur and are discussed in this paper. In this paper, results from the new processing strategy have been compared with GA standard products in test images of Canberra and the North Queensland coast near Ingham and used as a basis to discuss the likely residuals of surface and atmospheric effects and options for the inclusion of methods to overcome them in a standard product. The results show that: • Both inland and sea water signatures behave as expected from other data and models. • Adjacency correction seems most useful where a water-Land interface is close to the water body. • Sky glint removal is sometimes too great in Canberra site when water is shielded by local terrain. • Sun and sky glint correction greatly improves the coast and deep sea water signatures. This Abstract was presented at the 22nd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2017) Hobart Tasmania (https://www.mssanz.org.au/modsim2017/)

There has been a long-identified need in New Zealand for a community-developed three-dimensional model of active faults that is accessible and available to all. Over the past year, work has progressed on building and parameterising such a model – the New Zealand Community Fault Model (NZ CFM). The NZ CFM will serve as a unified and foundational resource for many societally important applications such as the National Seismic Hazard Model, Resilience to Natures Challenges Earthquake and Tsunami programme, physics-based fault systems modelling, earthquake ground-motion simulations, and tsunami hazard evaluation. Version 1.0 of the NZ CFM is nearing finalisation and release. NZ CFM v1.0 provides a simplified 3D representation of New Zealand’s crustal-scale active faults (including some selected potentially active faults) compiled at a nominal scale of 1:500,000 to 1:1,000,000. NZ CFM faults are defined based on surface traces, seismicity, seismic reflection profiles, wells, and geologic cross sections. The model presently incorporates more than 800 objects (i.e., faults), which include triangulated surface representations of those faults and associated parameters such as dip and dip direction, seismogenic rupture depth, sense of movement, slip direction, and net slip rate. Presented at the 2021 New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering (NZSEE) Conference (https://www.nzsee.org.nz/event/2021-nzsee-conference/)

This repository contains a static version of the data and software that accompanies the article by Stephenson et al. (2024) published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. Note that the data and software repositories are up to date as of 07/03/2024. For more recent updates users are referred to the primary repositories on Github. Contents of zipped repository files includes four directories: 1. The manuscript directory `STEPHENSON_ET_AL_2024_JGR/` containing - The manuscript file (pre-print before final peer review and acceptance by the journal). - Supplementary text accompanying the manuscript. 2. The `SMV2rho` software package version `v1.0.1` for converting seismic velocity into density. 3. The `SeisCruST` database of global crustal thickness and velocity profiles. 4. The `global-residual-topography` database containing estimates of continental residual topography after correcting for isostatic effects of crustal thickness and density variations. Abstract for the article: Continental topography is dominantly controlled by a combination of crustal thickness and density variations. Nevertheless, it is clear that some additional topographic component is supported by the buoyancy structure of the underlying lithospheric and convecting mantle. Isolating these secondary sources is not straightforward, but provides valuable information about mantle dynamics. Here, we estimate and correct for the component of topographic elevation that is crustally supported to obtain residual topographic anomalies for the major continents, excluding Antarctica. Crustal thickness variations are identified by assembling a global inventory of 26 725 continental crustal thickness estimates from local seismological datasets (e.g. wide-angle/refraction surveys, calibrated reflection profiles, receiver functions). In order to convert crustal seismic velocity into density, we develop a parametrization that is based upon a database of 1 136 laboratory measurements of seismic velocity as a function of density and pressure. In this way, 4 120 new measurements of continental residual topography are obtained. Observed residual topography mostly varies between±1–2 km on wavelengths of 1 000–5 000 km. Our results are generally consistent with the pattern of residual depth anomalies observed throughout the oceanic realm, with long-wavelength free-air gravity anomalies, and with the distribution of upper mantle seismic velocity anomalies. They are also corroborated by spot measurements of emergent marine strata and by the global distribution of intraplate magmatism that is younger than 10 Ma. We infer that a significant component of residual topography is generated and maintained by a combination of lithospheric thickness variation and sub-plate mantle convection. Lithospheric composition could play an important secondary role, especially within cratonic regions.

Effective correction of remotely sensed data for terrain illumination effects over mountainous areas, requires Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data at an appropriate resolution and quality. Conversely, the performance of terrain illumination correction and scale-based analysis could be used to evaluate the quality of DEM data used for the correction. In this study, TanDEM-X Intermediate DEM (IDEM) data at 12 m resolution and the 1-arc second Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data were used independently to evaluate the relative effectiveness of the terrain illumination correction for Landsat 8 optical data over Tasmania, Australia. Results from the terrain illumination correction and filter bank analysis show that IDEM 12 m data can resolve finer details of terrain shading than the SRTM based DEM and deliver better results in areas with detail-rich terrain. However, in the data available for this study, spikes and other noise artefacts were prevalent, especially over areas covered by water; removal of such noise artefacts would increase the utility of the IDEM for operational correction of terrain illumination effects in optical satellite data. Presented at the TerraSAR-X /TanDEM-X Science Team Meeting 2016, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany

Since the publication of the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Project (GSHAP) hazard map in 1999, Australia has stood out as a region of high earthquake hazard among its stable continental region (SCR) peers. The hazard map underpinning the GSHAP traces its lineage back to the 1990 assessment of Gaull and others. This map was modified through a process of expert judgement in response to significant Australian earthquakes (notably the MW 6.2, 6.3 and 6.6 1988 Tennant Creek sequence and the deadly 1989 MW 5.4 Newcastle earthquake). The modified map, developed in 1991 (McCue and others, 1993), underpins Standards Australia’s structural design actions to this day (AS1170.4–2007). But does this assessment make sense with our current understanding of earthquake processes in SCRs? Geoscience Australia (GA) have embarked to update the seismic hazard model for Australia through the National Seismic Hazard Assessment (NSHA18) project. Members of the Australian seismological community were solicited to contribute alternative seismic source models for consideration as inputs to the updated Australian NSHA18. This process not only allowed for the consideration of epistemic uncertainty in the hazard model in a more comprehensive and transparent manner, but also provides the community as a whole ownership of the final model. The 3rd party source models were assessed through an expert elicitation process that weighed the opinion of each expert based on their knowledge and ability to judge relevant uncertainties. In total, 19 independent seismic source models (including regional and background area sources, smoothed seismicity and seismotectonic sources) were considered in the complete source model. To ensure a scientifically rigorous, transparent and quality product, GA also established a Scientific Advisory Panel to provide valuable and ongoing feedback during the development of the NSHA18. The NSHA18 update yields many important advances on its predecessors, including: calculation in a full probabilistic framework using the OpenQuake-engine; consistent expression of earthquake magnitudes in terms of MW; inclusion of epistemic uncertainty through the use of third-party source models; inclusion of a national fault-source model based on the Australian Neotectonic Features database; inclusion of epistemic uncertainty on fault occurrence models and earthquake clustering; and the use of modern ground-motion models. The preliminary NSHA18 design values are significantly lower than those in the current (1991-era) AS1170.4–2007 map at the 10% in 50-year probability level. However, draft values at lower probabilities (i.e., 2% in 50-years) are entirely consistent (in terms of the percentage land mass exceeding different PGA thresholds) with other SCRs with low strain rates (e.g. the central & eastern United States). The large reduction in seismic hazard at the 10% in 50-year probability level has led to much consternation amongst the building code committee in terms of whether the new draft design values will allow enough resilience to seismic loads. This process underscores the challenges in developing national-scale PSHAs in slowly deforming regions, where 10% in 50-year probability level may not adequately capture the maximum considered earthquake ground motions. Consequently, a robust discussion is required is amongst the Australian building code committee (including hazard practitioners) to determine alternative hazard and/or risk objectives that could be considered for future standards. Presented at the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) Workshop 2017, Lenzburg, Switzerland

A shallow MW 5.3 earthquake near Lake Muir in southwest Western Australia on the 16 September 2018 was followed on the 8 November by a co-located MW 5.2 event in the same region. Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar interferograms (InSAR) allowed for the timely identification and mapping of the surface deformation relating to both earthquakes. Field mapping, guided by the InSAR observations, revealed that the first event produced an approximately 3 km-long and up to 0.4 m-high west-facing surface rupture. Five seismic rapid deployment kits (RDKs) were installed in the epicentral region within three days of the 16 September event. These data, telemetered to Geoscience Australia’s National Earthquake Alerts Centre, have enabled the detection and location of more than 750 dependent events up to ML 4.6. Preliminary joint hypocentre relocation of aftershocks using data from RDKs confirms an easterly dipping rupture plane for the first MW 5.3 event. The main shocks were recorded throughout the Australian National Seismic Network, in addition to a local broadband network in the Perth Basin operated by University of Texas at Dallas and the University of Western Australia. These data indicate large long-period ground-motions due to Rg phases and basin amplification. The two main shocks were widely felt within the region, including the Perth metro region (300 km away), with over 2400 online felt reports for the 8 November event. The Lake Muir sequence represents the ninth recorded surface rupturing earthquake in Australia in the past 50 years. All of these events have occurred in the Precambrian cratonic terranes of western and central Australia, in unanticipated locations. Paleoseismic studies of these ruptures found no evidence for regular recurrence of large events on the underlying faults. The events might therefore be considered “one-offs” at timescales of significance to typical probabilistic seismic hazard studies. Presented at 2019 Seismological Society of America Conference, Seattle in the special session on “Central and Eastern North America and Intraplate Regions Worldwide”