The national standard lexicon of geologic units, including: age, lithology, geologic relationships for all Australian geological units, and a record of their use in literature. Links to Geological Provinces and Geological Maps. The collection is maintained by Geoscience Australia on behalf of the Australian Stratigraphy Commission, a standing committee of the Geological Society of Australia. <b>Value: </b>The lexicon standardises terminology for geologic units, thereby enabling integration of different geologic studies and datasets. <b>Scope: </b>Covers all Australian Territories, including Australia's Antarctic Territories. The database contains over 17,500 current stratigraphic names and over 36,000 variations, most of which are superseded, obsolete, or misspelt versions of the current names. The publicly accessible portion of this collection is made available through the Australian Stratigraphic Units Database (ASUD), the national authority on stratigraphic names in Australia and can be accessed here: <a href="https://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/21884">https://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/21884</a>

Parametric dataset of earthquakes in the Australian region, with magnitudes greater than 2.5. Includes records of instrumentally recorded earthquakes and explosions, and earthquake parameters inferred from historic documents. Threshold magnitude of completeness varies spatially and temporally. <b>Value: </b>This data has historic value, and is used in assessment of earthquake hazard, risk and potential impacts from future events. <b>Scope: </b>A catalogue of known historical earthquakes in Australia and adjacent regions.

This collection includes Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations from long-term continuous or semi continuous reference stations at multiple locations across Australia and its external territories, including the Australian Antarctic Territory. <b>Value:</b> The datasets within this collection are provided on an openly accessible basis to support a myriad of scientific and societal positioning applications in Australia. These include the development and maintenance of the Australian Geospatial Reference System (AGRS); the densification of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF); crustal deformation studies; atmospheric studies; and the delivery of precise positioning services to Australian businesses. <b>Scope: </b> Data from reference stations across Australia and its external territories, including the Australian Antarctica Territory. <b>Access: </b> To access the datasets and query station information visit the <a href="https://gnss.ga.gov.au./">Global Navigation Satellite System Data Centre</a>

This data set provides outlines for the maximum spatial extent of seabed geomorphic units for Australia's Exclusive Economic Zone, including the offshore island territories, but excluding Australian Antarctic Territory. Twenty-one geomorphic feature types were identified and mapped, following definitions published by the International Hydrographic Office (IHO, 2001). <b>Value: </b>The geomorphology of the seabed is used to constrained surface geology of the sea floor, important in resource exploration, marine zone management and for understanding the physical environment <b>Scope: </b>The area covered includes the seafloor within the Australian marine jurisdiction surrounding the Australian mainland and island territories of Christmas, Cocos (Keeling), Macquarie, and Norfolk Islands (Heap & Harris 2008).

Data used to generate the National Seismic Hazard Assessments (NSHA). Data includes: original and modified earthquake catalogues, earthquake rate models, probabilistic seismic hazard outputs. The most recent assessment was completed in 2018 and can be viewed on Geoscience Australia's <a href="http://www.ga.gov.au/about/projects/safety/nsha">National Seismic Hazard Assessment (NSHA) Internet Page</a> <b>Value: </b> Data used to generate the NSHA <b>Scope: </b>Continental scale

The Topographic Position Index measures the topographic slope position of landforms by comparing the mean elevation of a specific neighbourhood area with the elevation value of a central cell. This is done for every cell or pixel in the digital elevation model (DEM) to derive the relative topographic position (e.g. upper, middle and lower landscape elements). Ruggedness informs on the roughness of the surface and is calculated as the standard deviation of elevations. Both these terrain components are used to generate a multi-scale topographic index over the Australian continent using the algorithm developed by Lindsay, J, B., Cockburn, J. M. H. and Russell, H. A. J., 2015. An integral image approach to performing multi-scale topographic position analysis, Geomorphology, 245, 51-61. Topographic position is captured across three spatial scale and display as a ternary image. The ternary image reveals a rich representation of nested landform features with broad application to geomorphological and hydrological process understanding and mapping of regolith and soils. <b>Value: </b>Broad application in understanding geomorphological and hydrological processes and in mapping regolith and soils over the Australian continent. Can be used as inputs into geospatial modelling and machine learning <b>Scope: </b>The dataset is national. The algorithm can be run on any digital elevation gridded dataset.

Collection of Geoscience Australia's high-resolution elevation surveys collected using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and other instrument systems. <b>Value: </b>Describes Australia's landforms and seabed is crucial for addressing issues relating to the impacts of climate change, disaster management, water security, environmental management, urban planning and infrastructure design. <b>Scope: </b>Selected areas of interest around Australia.

The National Spectral Database (NSD) houses data from Australian remote sensing scientists. The database includes spectra covering targets as diverse as mineralogy, soils, plants, water bodies and various land surfaces. Currently the database holds spectral information from multiple locations across the country and as the collection grows in spatial / temporal coverage, the NSD will service continental scale validation requirements of the Earth observation community for satellite-based measurements of surface reflectance. <b>Value:</b> Curated spectral data provides a wealth of knowledge to remote sensing scientists. For other parties interested in calibration and validation (Cal/Val) of surface reflectance products, the Geoscience Australia (GA) Cal/Val dataset provides a useful resource of ground-truth data to compare to reflectance captured by Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 satellites. The Aquatic Library is a robust collection of Australian datasets from 1994 to present time, primarily of end-member and substratum measurements. The University of Wollongong collection represents immense value in end-member studies, both terrestrial and aquatic. <b>Scope:</b> The NSD covers Australian data including historical datasets as old as 1994. Physical study sites encompass locations around Australia, with spectra captured in every state. <b>Data types:</b> - Spectral data: raw digital numbers (DN), radiance and reflectance.  - From spectral bands VIS-NIR, SWIR1 & SWIR2: wavelengths 350nm - 2500nm collected with instruments in the field or lab setting. Contact for further information: NSDB_manager@ga.gov.au

Wind multipliers are factors that transform wind speeds over open, flat terrain (regional wind speeds) to local wind speeds that consider the effects of direction, terrain (surface roughness), shielding (buildings and structures) and topography (hills and ridges). During the assessment of local wind hazards (spatial significance in the order 10's of metres), wind multipliers allow for regional wind speeds (order 10 to 100's of kilometres) to be factored to provide local wind speeds. <b>Value: </b>The wind multiplier data is used in modelling the impacts (i.e. physical damage) of wind-related events such as tropical cyclones (an input for Tropical Cyclone Risk assessment), thunderstorms and other windstorms. <b>Scope: </b>Includes terrain, shielding and topographic multipliers for national coverage. Each multiplier further contains 8 directions.

This collection includes calibrated time-series data and other products from Geoscience Australia's geomagnetic observatory network in Australia and Antarctica. Data dates back to 1924. <b>Value: </b>These data are used in mathematical models of the geomagnetic field, in resource exploration and exploitation, to monitor space weather, and for scientific research. The resulting information can be used for compass-based navigation, magnetic direction finding, and to help protect communities by mitigating the potential hazards generated by magnetic storms. <b>Scope: </b>Continuous geomagnetic time series data, indices of magnetic activity and associated metadata, Data dates back to 1924.