From 1 - 10 / 32
  • The Layered Geology of Australia web map service is a seamless national coverage of Australia’s surface and subsurface geology. Geology concealed under younger cover units are mapped by effectively removing the overlying stratigraphy (Liu et al., 2015). This dataset is a layered product and comprises five chronostratigraphic time slices: Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Neoproterozoic, and Pre-Neoproterozoic. As an example, the Mesozoic time slice (or layer) shows Mesozoic age geology that would be present if all Cenozoic units were removed. The Pre-Neoproterozoic time slice shows what would be visible if all Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic units were removed. The Cenozoic time slice layer for the national dataset was extracted from Raymond et al., 2012. Surface Geology of Australia, 1:1 000 000 scale, 2012 edition. Geoscience Australia, Canberra.

  • This service provides Estimates of Geological and Geophysical Surfaces (EGGS). The data comes from cover thickness models based on magnetic, airborne electromagnetic and borehole measurements of the depth of stratigraphic and chronostratigraphic surfaces and boundaries.

  • This data package, completed as part of Geoscience Australia’s National Groundwater Systems (NGS) Project, presents results of the second iteration of the 3D Great Artesian Basin (GAB) and Lake Eyre Basin (LEB) (Figure 1) geological and hydrogeological models (Vizy & Rollet, 2023) populated with volume of shale (Vshale) values calculated on 2,310 wells in the Surat, Eromanga, Carpentaria and Lake Eyre basins (Norton & Rollet, 2023). This provides a refined architecture of aquifer and aquitard geometry that can be used as a proxy for internal, lateral, and vertical, variability of rock properties within each of the 18 GAB-LEB hydrogeological units (Figure 2). These data compilations and information are brought to a common national standard to help improve hydrogeological conceptualisation of groundwater systems across multiple jurisdictions. This information will assist water managers to support responsible groundwater management and secure groundwater into the future. This 3D Vshale model of the GAB provides a common framework for further data integration with other disciplines, industry, academics and the public and helps assess the impact of water use and climate change. It aids in mapping current groundwater knowledge at a GAB-wide scale and identifying critical groundwater areas for long-term monitoring. The NGS project is part of the Exploring for the Future (EFTF) program—an eight-year, $225 million Australian Government funded geoscience data and precompetitive information acquisition program. The program seeks to inform decision-making by government, community, and industry on the sustainable development of Australia's mineral, energy, and groundwater resources, including those to support the effective long-term management of GAB water resources. This work builds on the first iteration completed as part of the Great Artesian Basin Groundwater project (Vizy & Rollet, 2022; Rollet et al., 2022), and infills previous data and knowledge gaps in the GAB and LEB with additional borehole, airborne electromagnetic and seismic interpretation. The Vshale values calculated on additional wells in the southern Surat and southern Eromanga basins and in the whole of Carpentaria and Lake Eyre basins provide higher resolution facies variability estimates from the distribution of generalised sand-shale ratio across the 18 GAB-LEB hydrogeological units. The data reveals a complex mixture of sedimentary environments in the GAB, and highlights sand body development and hydraulic characteristics within aquifers and aquitards. Understanding the regional extents of these sand-rich areas provides insights into potential preferential flow paths, within and between the GAB and LEB, and aquifer compartmentalisation. However, there are limitations that require further study, including data gaps and the need to integrate petrophysics and hydrogeological data. Incorporating major faults and other structures would also enhance our understanding of fluid flow pathways. The revised Vshale model, incorporating additional boreholes to a total of 2,310 boreholes, contributes to our understanding of groundwater flow and connectivity in the region, from the recharge beds to discharge at springs, and Groundwater Dependant Ecosystems (GDEs). It also facilitates interbasinal connectivity analysis. This 3D Vshale model offers a consistent framework for integrating data from various sources, allowing for the assessment of water use impacts and climate change at different scales. It can be used to map groundwater knowledge across the GAB and identify areas that require long-term monitoring. Additionally, the distribution of boreholes with gamma ray logs used for the Vshale work in each GAB and LEB units (Norton & Rollet, 2022; 2023) is used to highlight areas where additional data acquisition or interpretation is needed in data-poor areas within the GAB and LEB units. The second iteration of surfaces with additional Vshale calculation data points provides more confidence in the distribution of sand bodies at the whole GAB scale. The current model highlights that the main Precipice, Hutton, Adori-Springbok and Cadna-owie‒Hooray aquifers are relatively well connected within their respective extents, particularly the Precipice and Hutton Sandstone aquifers and equivalents. The Bungil Formation, the Mooga Sandstone and the Gubberamunda Sandstone are partial and regional aquifers, which are restricted to the Surat Basin. These are time equivalents to the Cadna-owie–Hooray major aquifer system that extends across the Eromanga Basin, as well as the Gilbert River Formation and Eulo Queen Group which are important aquifers onshore in the Carpentaria Basin. The current iteration of the Vshale model confirms that the Cadna-owie–Hooray and time equivalent units form a major aquifer system that spreads across the whole GAB. It consists of sand bodies within multiple channel belts that have varying degrees of connectivity' i.e. being a channelised system some of the sands will be encased within overbank deposits and isolated, while others will be stacked, cross-cutting systems that provide vertical connectivity. The channelised systemtransitions vertically and laterally into a shallow marine environment (Rollet et al., 2022). Sand-rich areas are also mapped within the main Poolowanna, Brikhead-Walloon and Westbourne interbasinal aquitards, as well as the regional Rolling Downs aquitard that may provide some potential pathways for upward leakage of groundwater to the shallow Winton-Mackunda aquifer and overlying Lake Eyre Basin. Further integration with hydrochemical data may help groundtruth some of these observations. This metadata document is associated with a data package including: • Seventeen surfaces with Vshale property (Table 1), • Seventeen surfaces with less than 40% Vshale property (Table 2), • Twenty isochore with average Vshale property (Table 3), • Twenty isochore with less than 40% Vshale property (Table 4), • Sixteen Average Vshale intersections of less than 40% Vshale property delineating potential connectivity between isochore (Table 5), • Sixteen Average Vshale intersections of less than 40% Vshale property delineating potential connectivity with isochore above and below (Table 6), • Seventeen upscaled Vshale log intersection locations (Table 7), • Six regional sections showing geology and Vshale property (Table 8), • Three datasets with location of boreholes, sections, and area of interest (Table 9).

  • <p>The Solid Geology of the North Australian Craton 1:1M scale dataset 1st edition (2020) is a seamless chronostratigraphic solid geology dataset of the North Australian Craton that covers north of Western Australia, Northern Territory and north-west Queensland. The data maps stratigraphic units concealed under cover by effectively removing the overlying cover (Liu et al., 2015). This dataset comprises five chronostratigraphic time slices, namely: Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Neoproterozoic, and Pre-Neoproterozoic. As an example, the Mesozoic time slice (or layer) shows Mesozoic age geology that would be present if all Cenozoic units were removed. The Pre-Neoproterozoic time slice shows what would be visible if all Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic units were removed. <p>Geological units are represented as polygon and line geometries and, are attributed with information regarding stratigraphic nomenclature and hierarchy, age, lithology, and primary data source. The datasets also contains geological contacts, structural features, such as faults and shears, and miscellaneous supporting lines like crater impacts or structural grain within stratigraphic units. <p>This is the second staged release of Geoscience Australia's national time based solid geology mapping program commenced under the Federal Government’s Exploring for the Future program. The Cenozoic time slice layer was extracted from Raymond, O.L., Liu, S., Gallagher, R., Highet, L.M., Zhang, W., 2012. Surface Geology of Australia, 1:1 000 000 scale, 2012 edition [Digital Dataset]. Geoscience Australia, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra. http://www.ga.gov.au and retains the data schema of that dataset. For this layer’s metadata, refer to https://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/74619 <p>NOTE: Specialised Geographic Information System (GIS) software is required to view this data.

  • There is a growing recognition that lithospheric structure places first-order controls on the distribution of resources within the upper crust. While this structure is increasingly imaged using geophysical techniques, there is a paucity of geological constraints on its morphology and temporal evolution. Cenozoic intraplate volcanic rocks along Australia’s eastern seaboard provide a significant opportunity to constrain mantle conditions at the time of their emplacement and thereby benchmark geophysical constraints. This volcanic activity is subdivided into two types: age-progressive provinces generated by the passage of mantle plumes beneath the plate; and age-independent provinces, which may arise from edge-driven convection at a lithospheric step. In this study, we collected and analysed 78 igneous rock samples from both types of volcanoes across Queensland. We combined these analyses with previous studies to create and augment a comprehensive database of Australian Cenozoic volcanism. Geochemical modelling techniques were used to estimate mantle temperatures and lithospheric thicknesses beneath each province. Our results show that melting occurred at depths of 45–70 km across eastern Australia. Mantle temperatures are inferred to be ~50–100 °C higher beneath age-progressive provinces than beneath age-independent provinces. These results agree with geophysical observations used to aid resource assessments and indicate that upper mantle temperatures have varied over Cenozoic times. <b>Citation:</b> Ball, P.W., Czarnota, K., White, N.J. and Champion, D.C. 2020. Exploiting Cenozoic volcanic activity to quantify upper mantle structure beneath eastern Australia. In: Czarnota, K., Roach, I., Abbott, S., Haynes, M., Kositcin, N., Ray, A. and Slatter, E. (eds.) Exploring for the Future: Extended Abstracts, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, 1–4.

  • <p>Geoscience Australia completed a regional assessment of the geological carbon dioxide (CO2) storage potential and petroleum prospectivity of the Browse Basin, offshore northwest Australia. This dual-purpose basin analysis study provided a new understanding of the basin’s Cretaceous succession based on new information regarding basin evolution, sequence stratigraphy, structural architecture and petroleum systems. The basin’s tectonostratigraphic framework was updated, and the integration of revised and recalibrated biostratigraphic data with well log and seismic interpretations has enabled an improved understanding of variations in depositional facies and the spatial distribution of reservoir, seal, and source rock sections. The outputs include models and maps of environments of deposition, play fairways, common risk element maps for regional-scale assessment of CO2 storage potential and petroleum systems model (Abbott et al., 2016; Edwards et al., 2015, 2016; Grosjean et al., 2015; Palu et al., 2017a and b; Rollet et al., 2016b, 2017a,b, 2018).<p> <p>This data pack includes 12 Cretaceous and Cenozoic horizons, and the regional fault maps produced from this study. This interpretation is based on data from 60 wells (Table 1) and 26 regional 2D and 3D seismic reflection surveys (Table 2) (Rollet et al., 2016a). Surfaces were converted from TWT to depth and integrated in a 3D geological model as input into a petroleum systems model (Palu et al., 2017a, b). <p>Data layers include: <p>12 regional depth surface grids and arcmap files generated for key Cretaceous and Cenozoic horizons (Figure 1; Table 3): K10.0_SB (late Tithonian), K20.0_SB (Valanginian), K30.0_SB (Late Hauterivian), K40.0_SB (Aptian), K50.0_SB (Late Cenomanian), K60.0_SB (Early Campanian), K65.0_SB (Maastrichtian), T10.0_SB (Base Cenozoic), T24.0_SB (Ypresian), T30.0_SB (Rupelian), T33.0_SB (Aquitanian) and water bottom based on bathymetry after Whiteway (2009), <p>2 fault population shapefiles (Figure 2): polygon envelop of shallow faults that formed during the Cenozoic collision between Australia and Asia, and horizon fault boundaries of deep regional faults that were formed through the Permian to Cretaceous.

  • The Murray Basin is a saucer-shaped basin with flat-lying Cenozoic sediments up to approximately 600 m thickness (Brown and Stephenson, 1991). Constraints on the thickness of the Murray Basin have been compiled from: drillholes, reflection seismic profile interpretations, refraction seismic profiles and depth to magnetic basement estimates (Target_type.pdf). Target depths were sourced from Geoscience Australia, the national Groundwater Information System database (Http://www.bom.gov.au/water/groundwater/ngis/), the Geological Survey of Victoria (http://earthresources.vic.gov.au/earth-resources/geology-of-victoria/geological-survey-of-victoria) and the Geological Survey of South Australia (http://www.minerals.statedevelopment.sa.gov.au/geoscience/geological_survey). In addition, some of the magnetic depth estimates used data from McLean (2010). To constrain the thickness of Cenozoic cover where sediments were either absent or very thin we generated shallow-depth values in areas with post-Cenozoic geology and high topographic relief. In all, 5436 depth estimates were compiled (Target_depths.xlsx). The input datasets have been used to generate two predictive models of the thickness of Cenozoic sediments within the Murray Basin. The first model uses kriging of the depth estimates to generate a gridded surface using a local-area linear variogram model as a means of interpolating between constraints (Murray_Basin_kriging_Cenozoic_thickness.pdf; Murray_Basin_krig.tif -floating value grid). The second model uses a machine-learning approach where correlations between 17 supplementary datasets and 5436 depth estimates are used to derive a predictive model. We used a supervised learning algorithm known as Gaussian Process (GP) to generate the integrated predictive model. Gaussian Process is a non-parametric probabilistic approach to learning. It uses kernel functions to measure the similarity between points and predict values not seen from the training data (see Read_Me_GP.rtf). The supplementary datasets used in the model are listed in Table 1 and model variable settings can be found in read_me.rtf (Murray_Basin_GP_Cenozoic_thickness.pdf; Murray_Basin_GP_model.tif -floating value grid). Both approaches delineate the overall structure, geometry and thickness of the Murray Basin. The advantage of the machine learning approach is that it learns relationships between the depth and supplementary datasets which allow predictions in areas with limited constraints. References Brown, C. M. and Stephenson, A. E., 1991, Geology of the Murray Basin, southeastern Australia, Canberra, Bureau of Mineral Resources Bulletin 235, 430 p. McLean, M.A., 2010. Depth to Palaeozoic basement of the Gold Undercover region from borehole and magnetic data. GeoScience Victoria Gold Undercover Report 21. Department of Primary Industries, Victoria. Table 1. Supplementary input datasets used in predictive estimation of Murray Basin thickness, utilising a machine learning method Covariates* Description 1 Latitude Gridded latitude values 2 Longitude Gridded longitude values 3 Elevation Terrain elevation – 90m shuttle DEM 4 Distance from bedrock Euclidean distance from outcrop geology units older than Cenozoic 5 Gravity Terrain and isostatic corrected Bouguer gravity 6 Gravity 1228 Upward continued gravity at 1228 metres 7 Gravity 2407 Upward continued gravity at 2407 metres 8 Gravity 6605 Upward continued gravity at 6605 metres 9 Gravity 18124 Upward continued gravity at 18124 metres 10 Gravity 35524 Upward continued gravity at 35524 metres 11 Gravity 49734 Upward continued gravity at 49734 metres 12 Gravity 97479 Upward continued gravity at 97479 metres 13 Gravity – 1k Isostatically corrected gravity subtracted from upward continued gravity at 1000 metres 14 Magnetics 5km Upward continued magnetic anomaly grid at 5 km 15 Magnetic 10km Upward continued magnetic anomaly grid at 10 km 16 Magnetic 5-10km Upward continued 5km magnetic anomaly grid subtracted from upward continued 10 km magnetic anomaly grid 17 Magnetic basement Depth to magnetic basement using the tilt method. *Primary datasets including gravity, magnetics and surface geology sourced from Geoscience Australia http://www.ga.gov.au/data-pubs/maps Elevation dataset used the 3 second (~90m) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model. https://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/72760.

  • The Layered Geology of Australia web map service is a seamless national coverage of Australia’s surface and subsurface geology. Geology concealed under younger cover units are mapped by effectively removing the overlying stratigraphy (Liu et al., 2015). This dataset is a layered product and comprises five chronostratigraphic time slices: Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Neoproterozoic, and Pre-Neoproterozoic. As an example, the Mesozoic time slice (or layer) shows Mesozoic age geology that would be present if all Cenozoic units were removed. The Pre-Neoproterozoic time slice shows what would be visible if all Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic units were removed. The Cenozoic time slice layer for the national dataset was extracted from Raymond et al., 2012. Surface Geology of Australia, 1:1 000 000 scale, 2012 edition. Geoscience Australia, Canberra.

  • The Layered Geology of Australia web map service is a seamless national coverage of Australia’s surface and subsurface geology. Geology concealed under younger cover units are mapped by effectively removing the overlying stratigraphy (Liu et al., 2015). This dataset is a layered product and comprises five chronostratigraphic time slices: Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Neoproterozoic, and Pre-Neoproterozoic. As an example, the Mesozoic time slice (or layer) shows Mesozoic age geology that would be present if all Cenozoic units were removed. The Pre-Neoproterozoic time slice shows what would be visible if all Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic units were removed. The Cenozoic time slice layer for the national dataset was extracted from Raymond et al., 2012. Surface Geology of Australia, 1:1 000 000 scale, 2012 edition. Geoscience Australia, Canberra.

  • <div>This dataset presents results of a first iteration of a 3D geological model across the Georgina Basin, Beetaloo Sub-basin of the greater McArthur Basin and South Nicholson Basin (Figure 1), completed as part of Geoscience Australia’s Exploring for the Future Program National Groundwater Systems (NGS) Project. These basins are located in a poorly exposed area between the prospective Mt Isa Province in western Queensland, the Warramunga Province in the Northern Territory, and the southern McArthur Basin to the north. These surrounding regions host major base metal or gold deposits, contain units prospective for energy resources, and hold significant groundwater resources. The Georgina Basin has the greatest potential for groundwater.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>Geoscience Australia’s Exploring for the Future program provides precompetitive information to inform decision-making by government, community and industry on the sustainable development of Australia's mineral, energy and groundwater resources. By gathering, analysing and interpreting new and existing precompetitive geoscience data and knowledge, we are building a national picture of Australia’s geology and resource potential. This leads to a strong economy, resilient society and sustainable environment for the benefit of all Australians. This includes supporting Australia’s transition to net zero emissions, strong, sustainable resources and agriculture sectors, and economic opportunities and social benefits for Australia’s regional and remote communities. The Exploring for the Future program, which commenced in 2016, is an eight year, $225m investment by the Australian Government. More information is available at http://www.ga.gov.au/eftf and https://www.eftf.ga.gov.au/national-groundwater-systems.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>This model builds on the work undertaken in regional projects across energy, minerals and groundwater aspects in a collection of data and interpretation completed from the first and second phases of the EFTF program. The geological and geophysical knowledge gathered for energy and minerals projects is used to refine understanding of groundwater systems in the region.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>In this study, we integrated interpretation of a subset of new regional-scale data, which include ~1,900 km of deep seismic reflection data and 60,000 line kilometres of AusAEM1 airborne electromagnetic survey, supplemented with stratigraphic interpretation from new drill holes undertaken as part of the National Drilling Initiative and review of legacy borehole information (Figure 2). A consistent chronostratigraphic framework (Figure 3) is used to collate the information in a 3D model allowing visualisation of stacked Cenozoic Karumba Basin, Mesozoic Carpentaria Basin, Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic Georgina Basin, Mesoproterozoic Roper Superbasin (including South Nicholson Basin and Beetaloo Sub-basin of the southern McArthur Basin), Paleoproterozoic Isa, Calvert and Leichhardt superbasins (including the pre-Mesoproterozoic stratigraphy of the southern McArthur Basin) and their potential connectivity. The 3D geological model (Figure 4) is used to inform the basin architecture that underpins groundwater conceptual models in the region, constrain aquifer attribution and groundwater flow divides. This interpretation refines a semi-continental geological framework, as input to national coverage databases and informs decision-making for exploration, groundwater resource management and resource impact assessments.</div><div><br></div><div>This metadata document is associated with a data package including:</div><div>·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nine surfaces (Table 1): 1-Digital elevation Model (Whiteway, 2009), 2-Base Cenozoic, 3-Base Mesozoic, 4-Base Neoproterozoic, 5-Base Roper Superbasin, 6-Base Isa Superbasin, 7-Base Calvert Superbasin, 8-Base Leichhardt Superbasin and 9-Basement.</div><div>·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Eight isochores (Table 4): 1-Cenozoic sediments (Karumba Basin), 2-Mesozoic sediments (Carpentaria and Eromanga basins), 3-Paleozoic and Neoproterozoic sediments (Georgina Basin), 4-Mesoproterozoic sediments (Roper Superbasin including South Nicholson Basin and Beetaloo Sub-basin), 5-Paleoproterozoic Isa Superbasin, 6-Paleoproterozoic Calvert Superbasin, 7-Paleoproterozoic Leichhardt Superbasin and 8-Undifferentiated Paleoproterozoic above basement.</div><div>·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Five confidence maps (Table 5) on the following stratigraphic surfaces: 1-Base Cenozoic sediments, 2-Base Mesozoic, 3-Base Neoproterozoic, 4-Base Roper Superbasin and 5-Combination of Base Isa Superbasin/Base Calvert Superbasin/Base Leichhardt Superbasin/Basement.</div><div>·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Three section examples (Figure 4) with associated locations.</div><div>Two videos showing section profiles through the model in E-W and N-S orientation.</div>