This is a physical collection of photographic materials created by staff of Geoscience Australia (GA) and its predecessor organisations in the course of their work between the early 1920s and the early 21st century. <b>Value: </b>Historic and scientific significance. Many sites visited are remote and have rarely been revisited. Some images are of people from First Nations, flora and fauna of Australia, its territories and other countries. <b>Scope: </b> Geographical scope is largely Australia, pre- and post-Independence Papua New Guinea, and the Australian Antarctic Territory, but other countries and territories are represented. Thematic scope varies considerably, covering a diverse range of operations of a geological survey, including land and marine surveys, field installations, rock and fossil specimens (in situ, laboratory and under microscope), buildings, passport photographs, etc. The majority of the physical image collection (photos, negatives and glass plates) is still hardcopy only and stored in an access restricted room. This collection requires extensive work to develop a comprehensive catalogue of its contents and explore options for digitisation. <b>Queries can be directed to Records Management Unit (RMU) via the <a href="https://supportworkplace.ga.gov.au/CherwellPortal/Geoscience/">Support Workplace tool</a>. </b> More recent mages received from business area's and departing staff members have been digitised and are stored in HPRM folders: P14/50 - GA Image Collection (A20/615, A20/614, A20/598, A18/111) A spreadsheet containing metadata (D2019-4576) for these images (previously delivered via a now decommissioned database), can be viewed via the Download tab. Note: This HVC record is currently only visible to internal GA staff. <b>If anyone has any additional photographic collections that reflect the history of Geoscience Australia (or its predecessor organisations) the Records Management Unit would be very interested in chatting to you.</b>

Australia has a low seismicity when compared to countries located along tectonic plate boundaries. Seismic risk, however, is the combination of hazard, community exposure and infrastructure vulnerability. The legacy of older unreinforced masonry buildings is a particular subset of the built environment that may contribute disproportionately to community risk. Documented information on the damage to buildings caused by earthquake events is fundamental to understanding this risk. The Earthquake Earlier this year on the 20th April a magnitude 5.0 (ML) earthquake shook the Western Australian goldfields town of Kalgoorlie. The earthquake was shallow (1.7 km) and was located immediately south of the business district of the Kalgoorlie suburb of Boulder (refer Figure 1). The severity of ground motion was found to vary markedly across the town with the older masonry building stock in Boulder experiencing a greater intensity of shaking than the corresponding building age group in the Kalgoorlie business district 4 km away. The event has provided the best opportunity to examine the earthquake vulnerability of Australian buildings since the Newcastle Earthquake of the 28th December 1989, over twenty years prior. The Survey Following the earthquake Geoscience Australia (GA) arranged a staged collaborative survey that would capture information from which vulnerability knowledge could be derived.

This data release contains accurate positional data for groundwater boreholes in terms of horizontal location as well as elevation of the top of casing protectors. Twenty-four boreholes located in the Nulla and McBride basalt provinces have had DGPS survey results compiled and are presented. Using 95% confidence intervals, the horizontal uncertainties are less than 1.2m and vertical uncertainties less than 0.9m. These results are a substantial improvement, particularly on the uncertainty of elevations, and as such allow water levels need to be compared between bores on a comparable datum, to enable a regional hydrogeological understanding. Quantifying the uncertainties in elevation data adds robustness to the analysis of water levels across the region rather than detracting from it.

<div>The integrity and strengths of multi-technique terrestrial reference frames such as ITRF2020 depend on the precisely measured and expressed local tie connections between space geodetic observing systems at co-located observatories. A local tie survey was conducted at the Mount Pleasant Geodetic observatory, in Hobart in March 2023. The aim of the survey was to precisely measure the local terrestrial connections between the space-based geodetic observing systems co-located at the observatory, which includes a permanent International GNSS Service (IGS) site (HOB2&nbsp;A 50116M004), and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) radio telescopes. In particular, this report documents the indirect measurement of the VLBI invariant reference point for both the 12m (7374&nbsp;A 50116S007) and 26m (7242 A 50116S002) radio telescopes at the site. Geoscience Australia has routinely performed classical terrestrial surveys at Mount Pleasant since 1995. A high precision survey was conducted between the survey pillars surrounding the observatory. These survey pillars were monitored to ensure their stability as part of a consistent, stable terrestrial network from which local tie connections were made to the VLBI and GNSS systems. The relationship between points of interest included the millimetre level accurate connections and their associated variance covariance matrix.</div><div><br></div>

The source code for the AusSeabed Survey Coordination Tool. Code is located at: https://github.com/ausseabed/survey-request-and-planning-tool The AusSeabed Survey Coordination tool (ASB SCT) is a tool designed by GA and FrontierSI in collaboration with the AusSeabed Steering Committee and broader community. Its intent is to provide a location for, and consistency in specification of bathymetric data acquisition for scientific research purposes. As of March 2022, the ASB SCT supports three key functions: 1) Survey Planning: the ASB SCT allows the community to publicise their plans to survey in the Austrlian Marine Estate. The tool ingests a spatial outline of the intended location as well as the target data types and focus for the survey. The tool also collects the contact details for the chief investigator and anticipated survey dates. Once published, the survey plan is visible on the upcoming surveys spatial layer on the AusSeabed portal. 2) Hydroscheme Industry Partnership Program Requests: the ASB SCT hosts the online form for submitting survey requests to the Australian Hydrographic Office (AHO) for consideration by the HydroScheme Industry Partnership Programme. 3) Areas of Interest submission: the ASB SCT ingests submissions that describe a users seabed mapping or biodiversity characterisation data needs and location. This information is useful in identifying regions of mutual interest and boosting collaborative multi-disciplinary surveys. Understanding regions with high levels of overlapping data needs can also help inform high-value survey activities and legacy data release priorities.

<div>Knowledge of the nature of buildings within CBD areas is fundamental to a broad range of decision-making processes, including planning, emergency management and the mitigation of the impact of natural hazards. To support these activities, Geoscience Australia has developed a building information system called the National Exposure Information System (NEXIS) which provides information on buildings across Australia. Most of the building level information in NEXIS is statistically derived, but efforts are being made to include more detailed information on the nature of individual buildings, particularly in CBD areas. This is being achieved in Parramatta through field survey work.</div>

<div>Knowledge of the nature of buildings within CBD areas is fundamental to a broad range of decision making processes, including planning, emergency management and the mitigation of the impact of natural hazards. To support these activities, Geoscience Australia has developed a building information system called the National Exposure Information System (NEXIS) which provides information on buildings across Australia. Most of the building level information in NEXIS is statistically derived, but efforts are being made to include more detailed information on the nature of individual buildings, particularly in CBD areas. This is being achieved in Melbourne through field survey work.</div>

<div>Knowledge of the nature of buildings within CBD areas is fundamental to a broad range of decision making processes, including planning, emergency management and the mitigation of the impact of natural hazards. To support these activities, Geoscience Australia has developed a building information system called the National Exposure Information System (NEXIS) which provides information on buildings across Australia. Most of the building level information in NEXIS is statistically derived, but efforts are being made to include more detailed information on the nature of individual buildings, particularly in CBD areas. This is being achieved in Sydney through field survey work.</div>

<div>The integrity and strength of multi-technique terrestrial reference frames, such as realisations of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), depend on the precisely measured and expressed local-tie connections between space geodetic observing systems at co-located observatories. Australia has several observatories which together host the full variety of space geodetic observation techniques, including Global Navigation Satellites Systems (GNSS), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) beacons.</div><div><br></div><div>This report documents the technical aspects of the local tie survey completed at the Mount Stromlo observatory, in Canberra in September 2018. The aim of the survey was to precisely measure the local terrestrial connections between the space-based geodetic observing systems co-located at the observatory, which include 3 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations (AU45&nbsp;A 50119M001, STR3&nbsp;A 50119M005 & STR1&nbsp;A 50119M002), SLR (7825&nbsp;A 50119S003) and DORIS (MSPB&nbsp;A 50119S004) infrastructure. </div><div><br></div><div>In particular, this report documents the indirect measurement of the SLR invariant reference point. Geoscience Australia has routinely performed classical terrestrial surveys at Mount Stromlo, including surveys in 1999, 2002 and 2003 (post-fire). A high precision survey was conducted between the survey pillars surrounding the SLR observatory. These survey pillars were monitored to ensure their stability as part of a consistent, stable terrestrial network from which local tie connections were made to the SLR and other observing systems. The relationship between points of interest included the millimetre level accurate connections and their associated variance covariance matrix.</div><div><br></div>