This document represents part of Geoscience Australia's contribution to the National Estuaries Assessment and Management (NE) project, Theme 5 (Assessment and Monitoring), Task 5A 'Conceptual Models of Australian Estuaries and Coastal Waterways'. The report contains comprehensive conceptual models of the biophysical processes that operate in a wide range of estuaries and coastal waterways found around Australia. Geomorphic conceptual models have been developed for each of the seven types of Australian estuaries and coastal waterways. Each conceptual model comprises a three-dimensional block diagram depicting detailed summaries of the structure, evolutionary characteristics, and geomorphology of each coastal waterway type, which are ?overlain? by flow diagrams that depict some of the important biotic and abiotic processes, namely: hydrology, sediment dynamics, and nutrient dynamics. Geomorphology was used as the common 'base layer' in the conceptual models, because sediment is the fundamental, underlying substrate upon which all other estuarine processes depend and operate. In the conceptual models, wave-dominated systems are depicted as having a relatively narrow entrance that restricts marine flushing, and low water-column turbidity except during extreme events. Tide-dominated systems feature relatively wide entrances, which likely promote efficient marine flushing, very large relative areas of intertidal habitats, and naturally high turbidity due to strong turbulence induced by tidal currents. Strong evidence exists suggesting that estuaries (both wave- and tide-dominated) are the most efficient 'traps' for terrigenous and marine sediments, and these are depicted as providing the most significant potential for trapping and processing of terrigenous nutrient loads. Intertidal areas, such as mangroves and saltmarshes, and also the central basins of wave-dominated estuaries and coastal lagoons, are likely to accumulate the majority of trapped sediments and nutrients. Conceptual model diagrams, with overlays representing environmental processes, can be used as part of a decision support system for environmental managers, and as a tool for comparative assessment in which a more integrative and shared vision of the relationship between components in an ecosystem can be applied.

The Topographic Map Kit comprises; - 66 page booklet, publication 1997/2. 16 reproducible student activities & suggested answers to student activities. - 10 copies of Rockhampton 1:100 000 topographic map - 10 copies of Jacobs River 1:100 000 topographic map - 10 plastic map reading cards at combined 1:100 000 and 1:250 000 scales Suitable for secondary levels Year 7-12

The Volcanoes education resource comprises; - 60 page booklet including causes of volcanic eruptions, volcano types, where volcanoes are found and why, Australia's hot spot volcanoes and the hazards and benefits of volcanoes - 3 reproducible student activities This booklet covers a wide range of issues concerning volcanoes. Activities cover the science of eruptions and their impact on people & students can form a team to monitor a hazardous volcano! Suitable for primary level Years 5-6 and secondary level Years 7-10

This bulk set comprises 10 sets of 5 image cards. The cards are the same as the single set of cards included in both the Discovering Remote Sensing kit and each student manual in the Discovering Remote Sensing bulk set (purchased separately). The image cards are used with the student activitities in each of the latter two Remote Sensing resources. Suitable for secondary years 8-12

An informative guidebook outlining the spectacular geological features of the Warrumbungles and their origins. Discover the volcanic evolution of this area over the last 17 million years. Illustrated with cross-sections, photographs and maps and includes a glossary of relevant terms. Suggested walking trails included with their geological features and points of interest.

Developed in consultation with Emergency Management Australia (EMA), this kit defines and maps major hazards affecting Australia - earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, volcanoes, severe storms, cyclones, bushfires, floods and droughts. This kit helps students and teachers recognise risks from different natural hazards and the practical steps we can all take to reduce their effects. The Australian Natural Hazards Education Map Kit contains: - eight colour A3 poster maps with descriptive text - eight blackline A4 map masters - background information on each hazard - student activities - Emergency Management Australia hazard action cards Suitable for primary years 5-6 and secondary years 7-8.

The Map Reading Guide provides an introduction to topographic maps that is suitable for anyone. This book is an ideal map reading manual for a wide range of map users. A map card, "roamer", is also included. <ul> <li>an explanation of what is a topographic map </li> <li>steps on how to read topographic maps, including explanations of map scale and how to use a map scale to calculate distance </li> <li>the differences between grid north, true north and magnetic north </li> <li>an explanation of symbols used on topographic map symbols</li> <li>how hills and mountains are shown on maps using relief shading, hypsometric tinting, and contours </li> <li>what a datum is and why there are different datum </li> <li>explanations of the difference between geographic and grid coordinates </li> <li>how to quote grid references from topographic maps </li> <li>how to plan a successful trip using topographic maps </li> <li>using Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and magnetic compasses with topographic maps </li> <li>using a topographic map to find your current position and to set a course. </li> </ul>

The Gold Rush Technology image set comprises 15 images and accompanying text that includes background information and descriptions of each image. The images depict methods used by Gold Rush miners, from simple alluvial panning to underground mining. The resource also includes modern gold exploration methods using geology and geophysics techniques. Possible student question/s for each slide are provided. Suitable for primary levels Years 5-6 and secondary levels Years 7-8

Produced by Geoscience Australia in cooperation with the Minerals Council of Australia and the Regional Minerals Program of the Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources.

This Australian volcanoes image set comprises 15 images on CD-ROM with accompanying descriptive text and student question/s for each image. Learn the history of Australia's hot spot volcanoes over 60 million years and examine 9 Australian volcanoes in detail. Suitable for primary levels Years 5-6 and secondary levels Years 7-10