This service represents a combination of two data products, the DEM_SRTM_1Second dataset and the Australian_Bathymetry_Topography dataset. This service was created to support the CO2SAP (Co2 Storage application) Project to create a transect elevation graph within the application. This data is not available as a dataset for download as a Geoscience Australia product. The DEM_SRTM_1Second service represents the National Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 1 Second product derived from the National DEM SRTM 1 Second. The DEM represents ground surface topography, with vegetation features removed using an automatic process supported by several vegetation maps. eCat record 72759. The Australian_Bathymetry_Topography service describes the bathymetry dataset of the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone and beyond. Bathymetry data was compiled by Geoscience Australia from multibeam and single beam data (derived from multiple sources), Australian Hydrographic Service (AHS) Laser Airborne Depth Sounding (LADS) data, Royal Australian Navy (RAN) fairsheets, the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) bathymetric model, the 2 arc minute ETOPO (Smith and Sandwell, 1997) and 1 arc minute ETOPO satellite derived bathymetry (Amante and Eakins, 2008). Topographic data (onshore data) is based on the revised Australian 0.0025dd topography grid (Geoscience Australia, 2008), the 0.0025dd New Zealand topography grid (Geographx, 2008) and the 90m SRTM DEM (Jarvis et al, 2008). eCat record 67703. IMPORTANT INFORMATION For data within this service that lays out of the Australian boundary the following needs to be considered. This grid is not suitable for use as an aid to navigation, or to replace any products produced by the Australian Hydrographic Service. Geoscience Australia produces the 0.0025dd bathymetric grid of Australia specifically to provide regional and local broad scale context for scientific and industry projects, and public education. The 0.0025dd grid size is, in many regions of this grid, far in excess of the optimal grid size for some of the input data used. On parts of the continental shelf it may be possible to produce grids at higher resolution, especially where LADS or multibeam surveys exist. However these surveys typically only cover small areas and hence do not warrant the production of a regional scale grid at less than 0.0025dd. There are a number of bathymetric datasets that have not been included in this grid for various reasons.

Exploring for the Future (EFTF) is a four-year geoscience data and information collection programme that aims to better understand on a regional scale the potential mineral, energy and groundwater resources concealed under cover in northern Australia and parts of South Australia. This factsheet explains one of the activities being undertaken to collect this data and information.

The Minister for Resources and Northern Australia, Senator the Hon Matthew Canavan, formally released the 2016 offshore areas for petroleum exploration on insert date here. The 28 areas are located on the North West Shelf in the Bonaparte, Browse, Roebuck, offshore Canning and Northern Carnarvon basins (Figure 1). Competitive work-program bidding for exploration permits will apply, except for three selected areas which are released under the cash-bidding scheme. These are located in the inboard part of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, where existing hydrocarbon discoveries are currently in production and where complete coverage of 3D-seismic data exists.

Large tsunami occur infrequently but can be extremely destructive to human life and the built environment. Management of these risks requires an understanding of the possible sizes of future tsunami, and the probability that they will occur over some time interval of interest. Herein we present a globally extensive probabilistic assessment of tsunami runup hazards, considering only earthquake sources as these have been responsible for about 80% of destructive tsunami globally. The global scale of the analysis prevents us from exploiting detailed site specific data (e.g. high-resolution elevation data, tsunami observations), and because of this we do not suggest the analysis is appropriate for local decision making. However, consistent global analyses are useful to inform international disaster risk reduction initiatives, and can also serve as a reference and potential source of boundary conditions for regional and local tsunami hazard assessments. A global synthetic catalogue of 17000 tsunamigenic earthquake events is developed with magnitudes ranging from 7.5 to 9.6. The geometry of the earthquake sources accounts for the detailed three-dimensional shape of subduction interfaces, when the latter is well constrained. The rate of earthquake events is modelled such that on each earthquake source zone, the earthquakes follow a Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-frequency distribution, and the time-integrated earthquake slip balances the seismic moment release rate inferred from the convergence of neighbouring tectonic plates. Tsunami propagation from each earthquake is modelled globally, and runup height is estimated roughly by combining the global model with heuristic treatments of nearshore tsunami amplification. We evaluate the accuracy of this approach by comparing runup observations from four globally significant historical tsunami with model scenarios having the same earthquake magnitude and location (i.e. without event-specific calibration). Around 50% of runup observations are within a factor of two of the model predictions. The dominant source of uncertainty in the modelled runup seems related to limitations in the earthquake source representation, with limitations due to the global runup methodology being a significant but secondary issue. These uncertainties are modelled statistically, and integrated into the hazard computations. In most locations, the modelled tsunami runup exceedance rate is sensitive to assumptions about the maximum possible earthquake magnitude on nearby earthquake source zones, and the fraction of plate convergence accommodated by non-seismic processes. We model the uncertainties of these (typically) poorly constrained processes using a logic-tree. For any site and chosen exceedance rate, this allows the mean runup (integrated over all logic tree branches) to be estimated, and associated runup confidence intervals to be derived. As well as highlighting the uncertainties in tsunami hazard, the analysis suggests relatively high hazard around most of the Pacific Rim, especially on the east coast of Japan and the west coast of South America, and relatively low hazard around most of the Atlantic outside of the Caribbean. Runup hazards on the east and west coast of Australia are relatively poorly constrained, because there are large uncertainties in the maximum magnitude earthquake which could occur on key source zones in the eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific.

A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet with all gravity data used in forward modelling. The data was downloaded from GADDS (Geophysical Archive Data Delivery System): see link.

Cycle slip detection and repair are essential quality control steps in recovering the integer ambiguities when loss of tracking signals in GNSS precise positioning occurs. In this contribution, we present an improvement to the previous algorithm for reliable real-time cycle slip detection and repair of the Australian Analysis Centre Software (ACS) Pre-processing and Data Editing (PDE) function. First, the traditionally used algorithm based on the quality control theory is used to detect and repair the cycle slips. Then if the cycle slips are detected but not reliably repaired, the information of subsequent epochs are used together to strengthen the model and achieve a higher cycle slip repair success-rate. With such an enhancement, the model becomes more robust to accommodate the measurement noise and the ionosphere disturbance.

This report is the culmination of the Gippsland Marine Environmental Monitoring (GMEM) project. The GMEM was developed in response to stakeholder concerns from the fisheries industry about a Geoscience Australia seismic survey in the Gippsland Basin (GA352 in April 2015), in addition to a broader need to acquire baseline data to be used to quantify impacts of seismic operations on marine organisms. The GMEM involves six components: 1) Theoretical sound modelling, 2) Sound monitoring and field-based modelling, 3) Scallop assessment using an Automated Underwater Vehicle (AUV), 4) Scallop assessment using dredging 5) Fish avoidance behaviour using acoustic tagging and monitoring, and 6) Analysis of fisheries catch data. The results and interpretations of these components are detailed in this final report.

In the present, the GNSS body-fixed reference frame definition is followed according to the International GNSS Service (IGS) conventions [3] which are based on the spacecraft body frame of the GPS Block II/IIA satellites. This definition is also compatible with the GPS Block IIF satellites while in the case of the GPS Block IIR the spacecraft frame is designed with a reverse direction (away from the sun) in the X axis of the body-fixed frame. The situation is similar to the GPS IIA/IIF for the BDS satellites where +X axis points towards the Sun, +Z axis points to the SV’s radius vector towards the Earth’s centre in the antenna boresight direction, and the +Y axis completes the right handed system while it coincides with the rotation axis of the solar panels. The yaw angle is the critical parameter which defines the GNSS attitude. Contrary to GPS and GLONASS, BeiDou Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO) and Mean Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites do not experience noon-turn and midnight-turn manoeuvres [6], with the exception of the newly launched IGSO6 or C13, formerly C15 (F. Dilssner and P. Steigenberger personal communication).