1 map showing the Acreage Release Title AC15-3 in the area of Overlapping Jurisdiction in the Perth Treaty. Requested by RET August 2014. LOSAMBA register 707

1 map showing the Acreage Release Title W15-3 in the area of Overlapping Jurisdiction in the Perth Treaty. Requested by RET August 2014. LOSAMBA register 707

The Early Cretaceous Gage Sandstone and South Perth Shale are a prospective reservoir-seal pair in the Warnbro Group of offshore Vlaming Sub-basin, Western Australia. Gage Sandstone reservoir plays include post-breakup pinch-outs against the Valanginian Unconformity, and 4-way dip closures with the South Perth Shale forming the top seal. Deposited as a lowstand component of the deltaic South Perth Supersequence, the Gage Lowstand Fan (previously referred to as the Gage Sandstone) infilled palaeotopographic lows of the Valanginian breakup unconformity. Sequence stratigraphic analysis was used to characterise the reservoir-seal pair by integrating 2D seismic interpretation, well log analysis and new biostratigraphic data. Palaeogeographic mapping of the South Perth Supersequence reveal a series of regressions and transgressions that lead to the infilling of the central palaeodepression. The Gage reservoir is a sand-rich submarine fan system and ranges from canyon-confined inner fan deposits to middle fan deposits on a basin plain. Major sediment contributions were from north-south trending canyons adjacent to the Mandurah Terrace. More detailed seismic facies mapping and well log analysis of the Gage Lowstand Fan determined that the sand sheets in the distal middle fan and stacked channelized sands in the inner fan may provide an extensive reservoir of good to excellent quality. Seal quality varies greatly and may explain the lack of exploration success at some structural closures. A re-evaluation of the regional seal determined the extent of the pro-delta shale facies within the South Perth Supersequence that provides an effective seal for the underlying Gage reservoir. 3D geological modelling confirms that the Gage reservoir exhibits properties suitable for hydrocarbon entrapment and CO2 storage. Migration path analysis identified the presence of multiple structural and stratigraphic closures at the top of the Gage reservoir, with the most favourable located in the Rottnest Trough. Previous petroleum systems modelling concluded that the maturity of some source rocks in the sub-basin likely occurred after the deposition of the effective seal. Deep-seated faults, penetrating the syn-rift section, are in direct contact with the Gage reservoir and it could be actively receiving hydrocarbon charge.

1 map showing the Acreage Release Title W15-3 in the area of Overlapping Jurisdiction in the Perth Treaty. Requested by RET August 2014. LOSAMBA register 707

Large geochronological and geochemical data sets for the Paleo- to Mesoarchean Pilbara and Meso- to Neoarchean Yilgarn cratons, Western Australia, show that both cratons exhibit similar evolutionary trends in felsic magmatism, providing important constraints on Archean tectonics. The most obvious trend is a transition from sodic magmatismthe ubiquitous tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) series with their high pressure (high-Al) signatureto potassic magmatism. In the Pilbara craton this transition is marked by two periods of potassic magmatism separated by 50 Myr. In the Yilgarn, the transition is mostly diachronous with potassic magmatism broadly younging to the west, except for one terrane where potassic magmatism begins ~40 Ma earlier. The change from sodic to potassic magmatism is, in part, a continuation of trends observable within the sodic granites themselves, which become more LILE-enriched with decreasing age. It is also evident in both cratons that magmatism derived from basaltic precursors is not confined to high-pressure formation of High-Al TTGs but includes lower pressure variants. The latter include low-Al TTGs (significant in the Pilbara Craton), and a group with high-HFSE and low- to moderate LILE-contents typical of A-type magmas. In the Yilgarn Craton such rocks form a locally common, often bimodal, association, representing formation at high-temperature and low-pressure. They are not often recognised as belonging to the sodic magmatic group but clearly reflect a magmatic pathway that starts with a largely mafic protolith, albeit at lower pressures and, unlike the low-Al TTGs, higher temperatures. Another shared trend is the appearance of a diverse group of rocks not unlike those seen in modern-day convergent tectonic settings. These comprise high-Mg diorites (or sanukitoids) (and related rocks), boninite-like rocks, `calc-alkaline basalts and andesites, calc-alkaline lamprophyres, but also syenites and monzonites. These rocks appear well after the first appearance of high- (and low-) Al TTGs and are most abundant just prior to major onset of potassic magmatism. In both cratons they are largely confined to younger linear geological terranes or marginal to/within the larger generally older terranes, and this, along with their enriched geochemistry permits the interpretation that they tap enriched mantle along crustal scale structures. Such rocks form a significant local component but overall are not abundant. The trends documented above are evident in many Archean terranes. The simplest way to explain the variation in the TTGs (high- and low-pressure variants) and the trends from sodic to potassic magmatism is via progressive reworking (maturation) of existing continental crust (for crustal-derived magmatism) and increasing involvement of felsic crust (for non-crustal magmatism). The chemical and isotopic evidence suggests a role for both mechanisms. It is, however, clear that crustal reworking played an early and persistent role in the compositional evolution of both the Pilbara and Yilgarn cratons (and probably Archean cratons in general), suggesting that models advocating a switch from slab-derived TTGs to crustal-derived potassic magmas are too simplistic. The appearance of magmas with an arc-like signature suggests that proto-subduction-like tectonic processes operated, at least intermittently, but not necessarily that they dominated Archean crustal evolution and crust formation.