<div>The noble gas database table contains publicly available results from Geoscience Australia's organic geochemistry (ORGCHEM) schema and supporting oracle databases for molecular and noble gas isotopic analyses on natural gases sampled from boreholes and fluid inclusion gases from rocks sampled in boreholes and field sites. Data includes the borehole or field site location, sample depths, shows and tests, stratigraphy, analytical methods, other relevant metadata, and the molecular and noble gas isotopic compositions for the natural gas samples. The molecular data are presented in mole percent (mol%) and cubic centimetres (at Standard Pressure and Temperature) per cubic centimetre (ccSTP/cc). The noble gas isotopic values that can be measured are; Helium (He, ³He, ⁴He), Neon (Ne, ²⁰Ne, ²¹Ne, ²²Ne), Argon (Ar, ³⁶Ar, ³⁸Ar, ⁴⁰Ar), Krypton (Kr, ⁷⁸Kr, ⁸⁰Kr, ^82<Kr, ⁸³Kr, ⁸⁴Kr, ⁸⁶Kr) and Xenon (Xe, ¹²⁴Xe, ¹²⁶Xe, ¹²⁸Xe, ¹²⁹Xe, ¹³⁰Xe, ¹³¹Xe, ¹³²Xe, ¹³⁴Xe, ¹³⁶Xe) which are presented in cubic micrometres per cubic centimetre (mcc/cc), cubic nanometres per cubic centimetre (ncc/cc) and cubic picometres per cubic centimetre (pcc/cc). Acquisition of the molecular compounds are by gas chromatography (GC) and the isotopic ratios by mass spectrometry (MS). Compound concentrations that are below the detection limit (BDL) are reported as the value -99999.</div><div><br></div><div>These data provide source information about individual compounds in natural gases and can elucidate fluid migration pathways, irrespective of microbial activity, chemical reactions and changes in oxygen fugacity, which are useful in basin analysis with derived information being used to support Australian exploration for energy resources and helium. These data are collated from Geoscience Australia records and well completion reports. The noble gas data for natural gases and fluid inclusion gases are delivered in the Noble Gas Isotopes web services on the Geoscience Australia Data Discovery Portal at https://portal.ga.gov.au which will be periodically updated.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div>

<div>The pyrolysis-reflectance tie database table contains publicly available results from Geoscience Australia's organic geochemistry (ORGCHEM) schema and supporting oracle databases, which combine key properties related to thermal maturity. These data are typically used as input parameters in basin analysis and petroleum systems modelling to assist with the discovery and evaluation of sediment-hosted energy resources. The programmed pyrolysis analyses and the maceral reflectance analyses undertaken using reflected light microscopy are conducted on rock samples, either as cores, cuttings or rock chips, taken from boreholes and field sites in Australian sedimentary basins. The full datasets are available in the pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance, maceral reflectance and organoclast maturity web services. These analyses are performed by various laboratories in service and exploration companies, Australian government institutions and universities using a range of instruments.</div><div><br></div><div>These data are collated from destructive analysis reports (DARs), well completion reports (WCRs), and literature. The data are delivered in the Combined Pyrolysis and Vitrinite Reflectance web services on the Geoscience Australia Data Discovery Portal at https://portal.ga.gov.au which will be periodically updated.</div>

<div>The bulk rock stable isotopes database table contains publicly available results from Geoscience Australia's organic geochemistry (ORGCHEM) schema and supporting oracle databases for the stable isotopic composition of sedimentary rocks with an emphasis on calcareous rocks and minerals sampled from boreholes and field sites. The stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen, strontium, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur are measured by various laboratories in service and exploration companies, Australian government institutions, and universities, using a range of instruments. Data includes the borehole or field site location, sample depth, stratigraphy, analytical methods, other relevant metadata, and the stable isotopes ratios. The carbon (¹³C/¹²C) and oxygen (¹⁸O/¹⁶O) isotope ratios of calcareous rocks are expressed in delta notation (i.e., &delta;¹³C and &delta;¹⁸O) in parts per mil (‰) relative to the Vienna Peedee Belemnite (VPDB) standard, with the &delta;¹⁸O values also reported relative to the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW) standard. Likewise, the stable isotope ratio of hydrogen (²H/¹H) is presented in delta notation (&delta;²H) in parts per mil (‰) relative to the VSMOW standard, the stable isotope ratio of nitrogen (¹⁵N/¹⁴N) is presented in delta notation (&delta;¹⁵N) in parts per mil (‰) relative to the atmospheric air (AIR) standard, and the stable isotope ratio of sulfur (³⁴S/³²S) is presented in delta notation (&delta;³⁴S) relative to the Vienna Canyon Diablo Troilite (VCDT) standard. For carbonates, the strontium (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) isotope ratios are also provided.</div><div><br></div><div>These data are used to determine the isotopic compositions of sedimentary rock with emphasis on the carbonate within rocks, either as minerals, the mineral matrix or cements. The results for the carbonate rocks are used to determine paleotemperature, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate, and establish regional- and global-scale stratigraphic correlations. These data are collated from Geoscience Australia records, destructive analysis reports (DARs), well completion reports (WCRs), and literature. The stable isotope data for sedimentary rocks are delivered in the Stable Isotopes of Carbonates web services on the Geoscience Australia Data Discovery Portal at https://portal.ga.gov.au which will be periodically updated.</div>

<div>The bulk source rock database table contains publicly available results from Geoscience Australia's organic geochemistry (ORGCHEM) schema and supporting oracle databases for the bulk properties of sedimentary rocks that contain organic matter and fluid inclusions taken from boreholes and field sites. The analyses are performed by various laboratories in service and exploration companies, Australian government institutions, and universities, using a range of instruments. Sedimentary rocks that contain organic matter are typically referred to as source rocks (e.g., organic-rich shale, oil shale and coal) and the organic matter within the rock matrix that is insoluble in organic solvents is named kerogen. Data includes the borehole or field site location, sample depth, stratigraphy, analytical methods, other relevant metadata, and various data types including; elemental composition, and the stable isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Results are also included from methods that separate the extractable organic matter (EOM) from rocks into bulk components, such as the quantification of saturated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, resin and asphaltene (SARA) fractions according to their polarity. The stable carbon (¹³C/¹²C) and hydrogen (²H/¹H) isotopic ratios of the EOM and derivative hydrocarbon fractions, as well as fluid inclusion oils, are presented in delta notation (i.e., &delta;¹³C and &delta;²H) in parts per mil (‰) relative to the Vienna Peedee Belemnite (VPDB) standard.</div><div><br></div><div>These data are used to determine the molecular and isotopic compositions of organic matter within rocks and associated fluid inclusions and evaluate the potential for hydrocarbon generation in a basin. Some data are generated in Geoscience Australia’s laboratory and released in Geoscience Australia records. Data are also collated from destructive analysis reports (DARs), well completion reports (WCRs), and literature. The bulk data for sedimentary rocks are delivered in the Source Rock Bulk Properties and Stable Isotopes web services on the Geoscience Australia Data Discovery Portal at https://portal.ga.gov.au which will be periodically updated.</div>

<div>The Carpentaria Basin is a Mesozoic basin located in the northernmost part of Australia and is centered around the Gulf of Carpentaria . It forms part of the Great Australian Superbasin that includes the Eromanga, Surat, Nambour and Clarence-Morton basins to the south, the Laura Basin, to the east, and the Papuan Basin to the north. In a west-east direction it extends for about 1250 km from the area of Katherine in the Northern Territory to the Great Dividing Range in Queensland. A small portion of the basin reaches the east coast of Queensland in the Olive River region. In a north-south direction it extends for over 1000 km from Cape York to Cloncurry, in Queensland. The basin has a total area of over 750,000 km2, comparable in size to the state of New South Wales. From a geographic standpoint the sediments of the Carpentaria Basin occur in three areas: offshore below the Gulf of Carpentaria, onshore to the west in the Northern Territory, and onshore to the east in Queensland. This report focuses on the geology and energy resource potential of the onshore areas of the basin but, to provide a broader understanding of the basin evolution there is, of necessity, some discussion of the geology offshore.</div><div><br></div>

<div>The bulk oils database table contains publicly available results from Geoscience Australia's organic geochemistry (ORGCHEM) schema and supporting oracle databases for the bulk properties of petroleum liquids (e.g., condensate, crude oil, bitumen) sampled from boreholes and field sites. The analyses are performed by various laboratories in service and exploration companies, Australian government institutions, and universities using a range of instruments. Petroleum is composed primarily of hydrocarbons (carbon and hydrogen) with minor quantities of heterocyclic compounds containing either nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Data includes the borehole or field site location, sample depth, shows and tests, stratigraphy, analytical methods, other relevant metadata, and various data types including; API gravity, elemental composition and photographs of the samples. The stable carbon (¹³C/¹²C) and hydrogen (²H/¹H) isotopic ratios of crude oil and derivative saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions are presented in parts per mil (‰) and in delta notation as &delta;¹³C and &delta;²H, respectively. Results are also included from methods that separate crude oils into bulk components, such as the quantification of saturated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, resin, and asphaltene (SARA) fractions according to their polarity.</div><div><br></div><div>These data provide information about the petroleum fluid’s composition, source, thermal maturity, secondary alteration, and fluid migration pathways. They are also useful for enhanced oil recovery assessments, petroleum systems mapping and basin modelling. Hence, these sample-based datasets are used for the discovery and evaluation of sediment-hosted resources. Some data are generated in Geoscience Australia’s laboratory and released in Geoscience Australia records. Data are also collated from destructive analysis reports (DARs), well completion reports (WCRs), and literature. The bulk oils data are delivered in the Petroleum Bulk Properties and Stable Isotopes web services on the Geoscience Australia Data Discovery Portal at https://portal.ga.gov.au which will be periodically updated.</div>

<div>The onshore Canning Basin in Western Australia was the focus of a regional hydrocarbon prospectivity assessment undertaken by the Exploring for the Future&nbsp;(EFTF) program dedicated to increasing investment in resource exploration in northern Australia, with the objective being to acquire new data and information about the potential mineral, energy and groundwater resources concealed beneath the surface. Significant work has been carried out to deliver new pre-competitive data in the region including new seismic acquisition, drilling of a stratigraphic well, and geochemical analysis from historic exploration wells.</div><div><br></div><div>As part of this program, determination of the molecular and noble gas isotopic composition of natural gases from selected petroleum wells in the Canning Basin were undertaken by Smart Gas Sciences, under contract to Geoscience Australia, with results from these analyses being released in this report. This report provides additional data to determine the sources of natural gases in the Canning Basin and build on the availability of existing gas data, gas-gas correlations and gas-oil correlations. Noble gas isotopic data can be used in conjunction with carbon and hydrogen isotopic data to determine the origin of both inorganic and organic (hydrocarbon) gases. This information can be used in future geological programs to determine the source and distribution of hydrogen and helium in natural gases and support exploration programs.</div>

<div>The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) biomarker database table contains publicly available results from Geoscience Australia's organic geochemistry (ORGCHEM) schema and supporting oracle databases for the molecular (biomarker) compositions of source rock extracts and petroleum liquids (e.g., condensate, crude oil, bitumen) sampled from boreholes and field sites. These analyses are undertaken by various laboratories in service and exploration companies, Australian government institutions and universities using either gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS). Data includes the borehole or field site location, sample depth, shows and tests, stratigraphy, analytical methods, other relevant metadata, and the molecular composition of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds, which contain either nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur.</div><div><br></div><div>These data provide information about the molecular composition of the source rock and its generated petroleum, enabling the determination of the type of organic matter and depositional environment of the source rock and its thermal maturity. Interpretation of these data enable the determination of oil-source and oil-oil correlations, migration pathways, and any secondary alteration of the generated fluids. This information is useful for mapping total petroleum systems, and the assessment of sediment-hosted resources. Some data are generated in Geoscience Australia’s laboratory and released in Geoscience Australia records. Data are also collated from destructive analysis reports (DARs), well completion reports (WCRs), and literature. The biomarker data for crude oils and source rocks are delivered in the Petroleum and Rock Composition – Biomarker web services on the Geoscience Australia Data Discovery Portal at https://portal.ga.gov.au which will be periodically updated.</div>

<div>Lateral variation in maturity of potential Devonian source rocks in the Adavale Basin has been investigated using nine 1D burial, thermal and petroleum generation history models, constructed using existing open file data. These models provide an estimate of the hydrocarbon generation potential of the basin. Total organic carbon (TOC) content and pyrolysis data indicate that the Log Creek Formation, Bury Limestone and shale units of the Buckabie Formation have the most potential as source rocks. The Log Creek Formation and the Bury Limestone are the most likely targets for unconventional gas exploration.</div><div>The models were constructed using geological information from well completion reports to assign formation tops and stratigraphic ages, and then forward model the evolution of geophysical parameters. The rock parameters, including facies, temperature, organic geochemistry and petrology, were used to investigate source rock quality, maturity and kerogen type. Suitable boundary conditions were assigned for paleo-heat flow, paleo-surface temperature and paleo-water depth. The resulting models were calibrated using bottom hole temperature and measured vitrinite reflectance data.</div><div>The results correspond well with published heat flow predictions, although a few wells show possible localised heat effects that differ from the basin average. The models indicate that three major burial events contribute to the maturation of the Devonian source rocks, the first occurring from the Late Devonian to early Carboniferous during maximum deposition of the Adavale Basin, the second in the Late Triassic during maximum deposition of the Galilee Basin, and the third in the Late Cretaceous during maximum deposition of the Eromanga Basin. Generation in the southeastern area appears to have not been effected by the second and third burial events, with hydrocarbon generation only modelled during the Late Devonian to early Carboniferous event. This suggests that Galilee Basin deposition was not significant or was absent in this area. Any potential hydrocarbon accumulations could be trapped in Devonian sandstone, limestone and mudstone units, as well as overlying younger sediments of the Mesozoic Eromanga Basin. Migration of the expelled hydrocarbons may be restricted by overlying regional seals, such as the Wallumbilla Formation of the Eromanga Basin. Unconventional hydrocarbons are a likely target for exploration in the Adavale Basin, with potential for tight or shale gas from the Log Creek Formation and Bury Limestone in favourable areas.</div>

<div>The pyrolysis-gas chromatography database table contains publicly available results from Geoscience Australia's organic geochemistry (ORGCHEM) database and supporting oracle databases for open system pyrolysis-gas chromatography (pyrolysis-GC) analyses performed on either source rocks or kerogen samples taken from boreholes and field sites. Sedimentary rocks that contain organic matter are referred to as source rocks (e.g., organic-rich shale, oil shale and coal) and the organic matter within the rock matrix that is insoluble in organic solvents is named kerogen. The analyses are undertaken by various laboratories in service and exploration companies using a range of instruments. Data includes the borehole or field site location, sample depth, stratigraphy, analytical methods, other relevant metadata, and the molecular composition of the pyrolysates. The concentrations of the aliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon and organic sulfur compounds are given in several units of measure [e.g., percent (resolved compounds) in the S2 peak (wt% S2), milligrams per gram of rock (mg/g rock), micrograms per gram of kerogen (mg/g kerogen) etc.].</div><div><br></div><div>These data are used to determine the organic richness, kerogen type and thermal maturity of source rocks in sedimentary basins. The results are used as input parameters in basin analysis and petroleum systems modelling to evaluate the potential for hydrocarbon generation in a sedimentary basin. These data are collated from destructive analysis reports (DARs), well completion reports (WCRs) and literature. The data are delivered in the Source Rock Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography web services on the Geoscience Australia Data Discovery Portal at https://portal.ga.gov.au which will be periodically updated.</div><div><br></div>