This report presents the results of an elemental and carbon and oxygen isotope chemostratigraphy study on three historic wells; Kidson-1, Willara-1 and Samphire Marsh-1, from the southern Canning Basin, Western Australia. The objective of this study was to correlate the Early to Middle Ordovician sections of the three wells to each other and to wells with existing elemental and carbonate carbon isotope chemostratigraphy data from the Broome Platform, Kidson and Willara sub-basins, and the recently drilled and fully cored stratigraphic Waukarlycarly 1 well from the Waukarlycarly Embayment.

This report presents the results of chemostratigraphic analyses for samples of the Waukarlycarly 1 deep stratigraphic well drilled in in the Waukarlycarly Embayment of the Canning Basin. The drilling of the well was funded by Geoscience Australia’s Exploring for the Future initiative to improve the understanding of the sub-surface geology of this underexplored region of the southern Canning Basin. The well was drilled in partnership with Geological Survey of Western Australia (GSWA) as project operator. Waukarlycarly 1 reached a total depth (TD) of 2680.53 m at the end of November 2019 and was continuously cored from 580 mRT to TD. The work presented in this report constitutes part of the post-well data acquisition. An elemental and isotope chemostratigraphic study was carried out on 100 samples of the well to enable stratigraphic correlations to be made across the Canning Basin within the Ordovician section known to host source rocks. Nine chemostratigraphically distinct sedimentary packages are identified in the Waukarlycarly 1 well and five major chemical boundaries that may relate to unconformities, hiatal surfaces or sediment provenance changes are identified. The Ordovician sections in Waukarlycarly 1 have different chemical signals in comparison to those in other regional wells, suggestive of a different provenance for the origin of the sediments in the Waukarlycarly Embayment compared to the Kidson Sub-basin (Nicolay 1) and Broome Platform (Olympic 1).

The Neoproterozoic to Middle Ordovician sediments of the Officer Basin, Australia are difficult to correlate, in part because biostratigraphic studies of acritarchs and stromatolites are localised, isotopic studies are rare, and seismic models are technically challenged by the occurrence of basaltic and halite prone-sections. Hence, the chemostratigraphic framework presented here provides an independent stratigraphic model for the Neoproterozoic to Middle Ordovician sediments of the Officer Basin. A total of six chemostratigraphic mega-sequences have been geochemically defined and assigned to the stratigraphy; these have been further subdivided into twenty-eight chemostratigraphic sequences. The chemostratigraphic zonation has been established upon elemental changes attributed to provenance and climatic variation which can be used for correlation as they convey regional, rather than local, changes in sedimentation. The elemental data reveals that there is lateral variation within the established lithostratigraphy (e.g., within the members of the Observatory Hill and Hussar formations), which is suggestive of localised sediment source input to different areas of the basin. Presented to the 2022 Central Australian Basins Symposium IV (CABS) 29-30 August (https://agentur.eventsair.com/cabsiv/)

<div>A prerequisite to understanding the evolution and resource potential of a basin is to establish a reliable stratigraphic framework that enables the correlation of rock units across multiple depocentres. Establishing a stratigraphic model for the Adavale Basin is challenging due to its structurally complexity, lack of well penetration and its lateral changes in facies. Biostratigraphy appears broad-scale, and despite providing chronostratigraphic control for the Lower Devonian Gumbardo Formation when combined with U/Pb zircon geochronology, the rest of the Devonian succession is hampered by a lack of microfossil assemblages and their poor preservation. The aim of this study is to establish an independent chemostratigraphic correlation across the Adavale Basin using whole rock inorganic geochemistry. Within this study, a total of 1489 cuttings samples from 10 study wells were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry for whole rock geochemistry, in order to establish an independent chemostratigraphic zonation scheme. Based on key elemental ratios selected to reflect changes in feldspars, clay minerals and provenance, the Devonian-aged stratigraphy is characterised into four chemostratigraphic mega-sequences that encompass the Gumbardo Formation (Mega-sequence 1); the Eastwood Formation, the Log Creek Formation and the Lissoy Sandstone (Mega-sequence 2); the Bury Limestone and the Boree Salt formations (Mega-sequence 3); and the Etonvale and the Buckabie formations (Mega-sequence 4). These mega-sequences have been further subdivided into a series of chemostratigraphic sequences that can be correlated across the study wells, establishing a regional correlation framework.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> This Paper was submitted/presented to the 2023 Australian Petroleum Production & Exploration Association (APPEA) Conference 15-18 May, (https://www.appea.com.au/appea-event/appea-conference-and-exhibition-2023/). <b>Journal Citation:</b> Riley David, Pearce Tim, Davidson Morven, Sirantoine Eva, Lewis Chris, Wainman Carmine (2023) Application of elemental chemostratigraphy to refine the stratigraphy of the Adavale Basin, Queensland. <i>The APPEA Journal</i><b> 63</b>, 207-219. https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ22108

An elemental chemostratigraphic study of the offshore Otway basin has been undertaken as part of a collaboration between Chemostrat and Geoscience Australia (GA). The main aim of which is to better constrain the sequence boundaries of, and within, the Sherbrook Supersequence. This comprehensive study includes the elemental analysis of 1185 cuttings samples from the Sherbrook Supersequence (and overlying stratigraphy) in 13 wells, located offshore Otway Basin. Sampling of cuttings for this project was particularly challenging as many of the targeted wells have a paucity of material available for destructive analysis. Lithological and well log interpretation in the basin is often inadequate for constraint of sequence boundaries. Nonetheless the use of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry and Mass Spectrometry (ICP-OES and MS) analysis was undertaken to complete a regional elemental chemostratigraphic study of the Sherbrook Supersequence, Otway Basin. The resultant chemostratigraphic framework, with nomenclature adapted from Forbes et al (2020) comprises of two chemostratigraphic sequences, eight chemostratigraphic packages and seventeen chemostratigraphic units. It is important to note that in some wells the chemostratigraphic correlation differs extensively from the lithostratigraphy, highlighting areas for closer examination. From the 13 wells analysed at least three, Crayfish-1A, Copa-1 and Breaksea Reef-1, indicate necessary changes to markers for LC2 (base Sherbrook). Additionally, within the Sherbrook Supersequence, there is scope for correlation between wells despite their separation, and seismic ties can now be better constrained. Presented at the Australian Energy Producers (AEP) Conference & Exhibition

As part of the Exploring for the Future (EFTF) program, a chemostratigraphic framework for the Officer Basin was developed that correlates inorganic geochemical sequences between exploration wells. The Officer Basin spans 525,000 km² across Western Australia and South Australia, where it remains an unproven frontier basin which has seen little exploration. The objective of this study was to undertake a bulk rock elemental chemostratigraphy study on ten historic wells in order to better correlate the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian sections. Ten study wells, five from Western Australia and five from South Australia, were selected, and core (241) and cuttings (1,245) samples were acquired from their respective state core libraries. All samples were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), resulting in quantitative data for 50 elements. The approximate proportions of dolomite, clastics, halite and anhydrite for the samples were derived using stoichiometric geochemical calculations. Halite was identified in some formations based on mud log and wireline data, but was not always preserved in the cuttings samples. This non-detection of halite resulted in poor matches between the wireline gamma ray (GR) and ChemGR profiles for halite-bearing units in some wells (e.g. Dragoon-1, Mulyawara-1, and Yowalga-3). Key element and ratios utilised to subdivide the strata were principally chosen to highlight changes in sediment provenance, climatic, and organic matter changes, as they typically have the best correlation potential over a greater distance. The stratigraphy within the study wells has been subdivided into eight chemostratigraphic mega-sequences referred to as MS1 to MS8, which are further subdivided into a total of twenty-four sequences. Mega-Sequences MS1 to MS4 broadly correspond to the published Neoproterozoic–Cambrian Centralian Supersequences (CS1 to CS4). While overall there is broad agreement between these two schemes, there are also sections where the stratigraphy has been reassigned. For example, within Kutjara-1, the section previously assigned to Centralian Supersequence CS2, and equivalent to the Cryogenian Tapley Hill Formation, is assigned to Mega-Sequence MS3 (not MS2). Within MS4, the lithostratigraphically defined members of the Observatory Hill Formation show some significant variation to the chemostratigraphy, with differences occurring within sequences MS4-S3, MS4-S4 and MS4-S5 (e.g. Birksgate-1; Trainor Echo-1). Mega-Sequence MS6 encompasses the Mount Chandler Sandstone in Trainor Echo-1 in the east and the lithological lateral equivalent Lennis Sandstone in Lungkarta-1/ST1 and Yowalga-1 in the west; however, these two argillaceous sandstones are chemically distinct. Carbonate-containing samples from three wells (Birksgate-1, Yowalga-3, and Giles-1) were analysed for their δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb isotope signature using Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS), with results from the least altered carbonates being of sufficient quality to attempt preliminary age dating. Comparison of the Officer Basin isotope data to global type sections enabled tentative correlation of the Yowalga-3 carbonates to the Tonian and late Ediacaran, and the Birksgate-1 carbonates to the early Cambrian. The geochemistry analyses from 10 basin-wide wells provide a robust dataset that has been used to confirm which sections correlate within the existing lithostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic framework. This study also highlights where further work needs to be undertaken to elucidate the spatial and temporal relationships of some Cryogenian and early Cambrian sections across the entire basin, given that rocks of these ages contain both potential source and reservoir rocks for petroleum generation and accumulation.

As part of Geoscience Australia’s Exploring for the Future program, this study aims to analyse the hydrocarbon prospectivity in the Carrra Sub-basin through wireline log interpretation and shale gas reservoir characterisation. NDI Carrara 1 is the first stratigraphic test of the Carrara Sub-basin, a recently uncovered depocentre located within the South Nicholson region of the eastern Northern Territory and northwestern Queensland. Four chemostratigraphic packages were defined according to the informal sub-division of stratigraphy and inorganic geochemical properties. Wireline log interpretation has been conducted to derive the clay mineral compositions, porosity, gas saturation and gas contents for the unconventional shale gas reservoirs in the Proterozoic succession in NDI Carrara 1. The predominant clay minerals include illite/muscovite, mixed-layer clay, smectite, kaolinite, and minor contents of glauconite and chlorite. The average geothermal gradient is estimated to be 35.04 °C/km with a surface temperature of 29.4 °C. The average formation pressure gradient is calculated to be < 10.7 MPa/km from mud weight records. Artificial neural network technology is used to interpret the TOC content from wireline logs for unconventional shale gas reservoirs. TOC content is positively correlated with methane and ethane concentrations in mudlog gas profiles, shale porosity, formation resistivity and gas content for NDI Carrara 1. The organic-rich shales in P2 have favourable adsorbed, free and total gas contents. The organic-rich micrites within P3 have the potential in adsorbed gas, but with very low average gas saturation (< 0.01 m3/m3). Our interpretation has identified potential shale gas reservoirs, as well as tight non-organic-rich shales and siltstones with potential as gas reservoirs. These occur throughout several of the identified chemostratigraphic packages within the Proterozoic section of NDI Carrara 1.

<div>As part of the Data Driven Discoveries program, Geoscience Australia and the Geological Survey of Queensland collaborated to re-examine legacy well cuttings for a chemostratigraphic study. The aim was to identify opportunities for resource discovery in the Devonian-aged Adavale Basin in south-central Queensland by conducting a chemostratigraphic study to define regional stratigraphic correlations in a structurally complex basin with limited well penetrations. A total of 1,489 cutting samples were analysed for whole-rock geochemistry, as well as subsets of samples for whole-rock mineralogy and/or carbonate carbon and oxygen isotopes, from a whole-rock sample. The purpose was to establish new chemostratigraphic correlations across the basin independently, using data from 10 wells that sampled the Adavale Basin.</div>