Satellite Selfies Australia from Space Education Poster

<div>The A1 poster incorporates 4 images of Australia taken from space by Earth observing satellites. The accompanying text briefly introduces sensors and the bands within the electromagnetic spectrum. The images include examples of both true and false colour and the diverse range of applications of satellite images such as tracking visible changes to the Earth’s surface like crop growth, bushfires, coastal changes and floods. Scientists, land and emergency managers use satellite images to analyse vegetation, surface water or human activities as well as evaluate natural hazards.</div>

RETIRED - Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument - Nadir BRDF Adjusted Reflectance + Terrain Illumination Correction

This record was retired 02/03/2023 with approval from M. Wilson as it has been superseded by <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.26186/146552">eCat 146552 </a>& <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.26186/146551">eCat 146551</a> The Surface Reflectance product has been corrected to account for variations caused by atmospheric properties, sun position and sensor view angle at time of image capture. These corrections have been applied to all satellite imagery in the Sentinel-2 archive. This is undertaken to allow comparison of imagery acquired at different times,in different seasons and in different geographic locations. These products also indicate where the imagery has been affected by cloud or cloud shadow, contains missing data or has been affected in other ways. The Surface Reflectance products are useful as a fundamental starting point for any further analysis, and underpinall other optical derivedDigital Earth Australiaproducts.

Digital Earth Australia Analysis Ready and Derivative Data Collection

Analysis Ready Data (ARD) takes medium resolution satellite imagery captured over the Australian continent and corrects for inconsistencies across land and coastal fringes. The result is accurate and standardised surface reflectance data, which is instrumental in identifying and quantifying environmental change. This product is a single, cohesive ARD package, which allows you to analyse surface reflectance data as is, without the need to apply additional corrections. ARD consists of sub products, including : 1) NBAR Surface Reflectance which produces standardised optical surface reflectance data using robust physical models which correct for variations and inconsistencies in image radiance values. Corrections are performed using Nadir corrected Bi-directional reflectance distribution function Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR). 2) NBART Surface Reflectance which performs the same function as NBAR Surface Reflectance, but also applies terrain illumination correction. 3) OA Observation Attributes product which provides accurate and reliable contextual information about the data. This 'data provenance' provides a chain of information which allows the data to be replicated or utilised by derivative applications. It takes a number of different forms, including satellite, solar and surface geometry and classification attribution labels. ARD enables generation of Derivative Data and information products that represent biophysical parameters, either summarised as statistics, or as observations, which underpin an understanding of environmental dynamics. The development of derivative products to monitor land, inland waterways and coastal features, such as: - urban growth - coastal habitats - mining activities - agricultural activity (e.g. pastoral, irrigated cropping, rain-fed cropping) - water extent Derivative products include: - Water Observations from Space (WOfS) - National Intertidal Digital Elevation Model (NIDEM) - Fractional Cover (FC) - Geomedian ARD and Derivative products are reproduced through a period collection upgrade process for each sensor platform. This process applied improvements to the algorithms and techniques and benefits from improvements applied to the baseline data that feeds into the ARD production processes. Value: These data are used to understand distributions of and changes in surface character, environmental systems, land use. Scope: Australian mainland and some part of adjacent nations. Access data via the DEA web page - <a href="https://www.dea.ga.gov.au/products/baseline-data">https://www.dea.ga.gov.au/products/baseline-data</a>

GA Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS Analysis Ready Data Collection 3

BACKGROUND The United States Geological Survey's (USGS) Landsat satellite program has been capturing images of the Australian continent for more than 30 years. This data is highly useful for land and coastal mapping studies. In particular, the light reflected from the Earth’s surface (surface reflectance) is important for monitoring environmental resources – such as agricultural production and mining activities – over time. We need to make accurate comparisons of imagery acquired at different times, seasons and geographic locations. However, inconsistencies can arise due to variations in atmospheric conditions, sun position, sensor view angle, surface slope and surface aspect. These need to be reduced or removed to ensure the data is consistent and can be compared over time. &nbsp WHAT THIS PRODUCT OFFERS GA Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS Analysis Ready Data Collection 3 takes Landsat 8 imagery captured over the Australian continent and corrects for inconsistencies across land and coastal fringes. The result is accurate and standardised surface reflectance data, which is instrumental in identifying and quantifying environmental change. The imagery is captured using the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infra-Red Scanner (TIRS) sensors aboard Landsat 8. This product is a single, cohesive Analysis Ready Data (ARD) package, which allows you to analyse surface reflectance data as is, without the need to apply additional corrections. It contains three sub-products that provide corrections or attribution information:      1) GA Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS NBAR Collection 3      2) GA Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS NBART Collection 3      3) GA Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS OA Collection 3 The resolution is a 30 m grid based on the USGS Landsat Collection 1 archive.

RETIRED Surface Reflectance Euclidean, Spectral and Bray-Curtis Median Absolute Deviation 2.1.0

This record was retired 29/03/2022 with approval from S.Oliver as it has been superseded by eCat 146261 DEA Geometric Median and Median Absolute Deviation (Landsat) This product provides ‘second order’ statistical techniques that follow from the geometric median, which is useful for environmental characterisation and change detection. The Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) is a generalisation of the classic one-dimensional statistic for multidimensional applications, and is a measure of variance in a dataset through comparison to the median. It is similar in concept to the way that the standard deviation in statistics can be used to understand variance compared to the mean.

RETIRED - Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument - Nadir BRDF Adjusted Reflectance

This record was retired 02/03/2023 with approval from M. Wilson as it has been superseded by <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.26186/146552">eCat 146552 </a>& <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.26186/146551">eCat 146551</a> Surface Reflectance product has been corrected to account for variations caused by atmospheric properties, sun position and sensor view angle at time of image capture. These corrections have been applied to all satellite imagery in the Sentinel-2 archive. This is undertaken to allow comparison of imagery acquired at different times, in different seasons and in different geographic locations. These products also indicate where the imagery has been affected by cloud or cloud shadow, contains missing data or has been affected in other ways. The Surface Reflectance products are useful as a fundamental starting point for any further analysis, and underpinall other optical derivedDigital Earth Australiaproducts.

RETIRED Digital Earth Australia Waterbodies

This record has been superseded by eCat 148920 DEA Waterbodies v3.0 (Landsat) with approval from N.Mueller on 01/02/2024 This record was retired 15/09/2022 with approval from S.Oliver as it has been superseded by eCat 146197 DEA Waterbodies (Landsat) Up to date information about the extent and location of surface water provides all Australians with a common understanding of this valuable and increasingly scarce resource. Digital Earth Australia Waterbodies shows the wet surface area of waterbodies as estimated from satellites. It does not show depth, volume, purpose of the waterbody, nor the source of the water. Digital Earth Australia Waterbodies uses Geoscience Australia’s archive of over 30 years of Landsat satellite imagery to identify where almost 300,000 waterbodies are in the Australian landscape and tells us the wet surface area within those waterbodies. It supports users to understand and manage water across Australia. For example, users can gain insights into the severity and spatial distribution of drought, or identify potential water sources for aerial firefighting during bushfires. The tool uses a water classification for every available Landsat satellite image and maps the locations of waterbodies across Australia. It provides a timeseries of wet surface area for waterbodies that are present more than 10% of the time and are larger than 3125m2 (5 Landsat pixels). The tool indicates changes in the wet surface area of waterbodies. This can be used to identify when waterbodies are increasing or decreasing in wet surface area.

GA Landsat 5 TM Analysis Ready Data Collection 3

BACKGROUND The United States Geological Survey's (USGS) Landsat satellite program has been capturing images of the Australian continent for more than 30 years. This data is highly useful for land and coastal mapping studies. In particular, the light reflected from the Earth’s surface (surface reflectance) is important for monitoring environmental resources – such as agricultural production and mining activities – over time. We need to make accurate comparisons of imagery acquired at different times, seasons and geographic locations. However, inconsistencies can arise due to variations in atmospheric conditions, sun position, sensor view angle, surface slope and surface aspect. These need to be reduced or removed to ensure the data is consistent and can be compared over time. &nbsp WHAT THIS PRODUCT OFFERS GA Landsat 5 TM Analysis Ready Data Collection 3 takes Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery captured over the Australian continent and corrects for inconsistencies across land and coastal fringes. The result is accurate and standardised surface reflectance data, which is instrumental in identifying and quantifying environmental change. The TM instrument is an advanced, multispectral scanning, Earth resources sensor which is designed to categorise the Earth's surface. It is particularly useful for agricultural applications and identification of land use. This product is a single, cohesive Analysis Ready Data (ARD) package, which allows you to analyse surface reflectance data as is, without the need to apply additional corrections. It contains three sub-products that provide corrections or attribution information:      1) GA Landsat 5 TM NBAR Collection 3      2) GA Landsat 5 TM NBART Collection 3      3) GA Landsat 5 TM OA Collection 3 The resolution is a 30 m grid based on the USGS Landsat Collection 1 archive.

Digital Earth Australia Program Roadmap

The Digital Earth Australia (DEA) Program Roadmap describes the high level work plan to be undertaken by the DEA Program in order to achieve its objectives and deliver benefits to the Australian Government and industry.

MANGROVE_25_2.0.2

This mangrove canopy cover product provides valuable information about the extent and canopy density of mangroves for each year between 1987 and 2018 for the entire Australian coastline. The canopy cover classes are 20-50% (pale green), 50-80% (mid green), 80-100% (dark green). The product consists of a sequence (one per year) of 25-metre resolution maps that are generated by analysing the Landsat fractional cover developed by the Joint Remote Sensing Research Program (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.94250.v1) and the Global Mangrove Watch layers developed by the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (https://doi.org/10.1071/MF13177). This product can be cited as Lymburner, L., Bunting, P., Lucas, R., Scarth, P., Alam, I., Phillips, C., Ticehurst, C. and Held, A. (2018). Mapping the multi-decadal mangrove dynamics of the Australian coastline. See https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425719301890.