Stations on the Australian continent receive a rich mixture of ambient seismic noise from the surrounding oceans and the numerous small earthquakes in the earthquakes belts to the north in Indonesia and east in Tonga-Kermadec as well as more distant source zones. The noise field at a station contains information about the structure in the vicinity of the site and this can be exploited by applying an autocorrelation procedure to continuous records. Continuous vertical component records from 242 stations (permanent and temporary) across the continent have been processed using running windows of 6 hours long with subsequent stacking. A distinctive pulse, with a time delay between 8 and 30 s from zero offset, is found in the autocorrelation results. This pulse has a frequency content between 1.5 and 3 Hz suggesting P-wave multiples trapped in the crust. Synthetic modeling, with control of multiple phases, shows that a local PmP phase can be recovered with the autocorrelation method. We are therefore able to use this identification to map out the depth to Moho across the continent, and obtain results that largely conform to those from previous studies using a combination of data from refraction, reflection profiles and receiver functions. This approach can be used for Moho depth estimation using just vertical component records and effective results can be obtained with temporary deployments of just a few months.

Seismic refraction investigations were made at five sites in the vicinity of Alice Springs, Northern Territory, by the Bureau of Mineral Resources in August 1962. This work was done, at the request of the Bureau of Mineral Resources Observatory Group, to select the most suitable site for a seismological observatory. In view of the desirable features for such a site - a bedrock having a high seismic velocity and a bedrock at shallow depth - a site about three miles west of Alice Springs is recommended as the most suitable; the bedrock material has a velocity of 17,800 ft/s and the thickness of overburden is less than 20 ft.

The Vibroseis method of seismic exploration was first introduced into Australia during 1963. In accordance with the programme for accelerated oil search, the Bureau of Mineral Resources employed a Vibroseis seismic party to demonstrate the performance of the method in various problem areas within the Otway and Sydney Basins, the locations of which are indicated on the regional map. The Experimental Vibroseis Seismic Survey was conducted by Seismograph Service Limited. Party 243. on behalf of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics during the period from 11th May to 3rd October, 1964. The broad objective of the survey was to demonstrate the capabilities of the Vibroseis method in selected areas where previous conventional seismic surveys had experienced difficulties in obtaining results and where various seismic problems had been defined. The main aim of the survey was to obtain good quality results rather than a high production rate yielding poorer quality data. However, as a secondary objective, some short production traverses were recorded USing the optimum field technique developed during the course of the survey for comparison e with normal shot hole production techniques.

At the request of the Australian Atomic Energy Commission, the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology & Geophysics conducted a seismic refraction survey on the site chosen for construction of a nuclear power station. The purpose of the survey was to determine the foundation conditions at the site and the properties of the rocks in relation to excavation methods and support of the proposed structures. The bedrock of the area consists of Permian sandstone (Jervis Bay Sandstone) overlain in places by unconsolidated Quaternary beach and dune sands. During the seismic work it was found that the sandstone beds have a relatively wide range of seismic velocities; often a higher-velocity bed overlies a lower-velocity bed, and this makes seismic refraction work difficult and less accurate. This is confirmed by laboratory measurements of seismic velocities on drill cores. Thin beds of higher- and lower-velocity sandstones occur, some too thin to be resolved by the seismic method. The seismic profiles presented must be considered bearing in mind these difficulties, Haterial sufficiently consolidated for foundations is shallow, and the seismic velocities indicate that some blasting will be necessary to excavate to the desired depth of 10 feet above mean high water level.

During 1963, the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions carried out two over snow traverses in the vicinity of Wilkes Station, Antarctica. The Autumn Traverse reached a point about 100 miles east of Wilkes and the Spring Traverse a point about 300 miles south-east of Wilkes. Surface elevations were measured by barometric methods and ice thicknesses were determined by gravity and seismic techniques. Magnetic measurements were made and borehole temperatures were taken. Experiments were conducted to devise means of improving the quality of the seismic reflection records. The optimum frequency range for the filter settings was found to be 90-215 c/s. A hand-drilled 4-ft shot-hole was adequate in the coastal or low plateau regions within 150 miles of Wilkes. Further inland, a shot hole of at least 30-ft depth was required. The optimum charge size was one pound of explosive.

Geoscience Australia conducted the Eucla Gawler 2D Seismic Survey in 2013-14. The survey involved the acquisition of seismic reflection and gravity Data over the Eucla Basin and Gawler Craton. The survey consisted of a single line (13GA-EG1), totalling 834kms. This dataset comprises the Eastern half of the line (374km) and the entire line (834km). The project is a collaborative project jointly funded between Geoscience Australia, the Geological Survey of Western Australia, the Geological Survey of South Australia and AuScope. The primary objective of the project was to image the crustal architecture of the geology underlying the Eucla Basin and its relationship to the Gawler Craton to the east and the Yilgarn Craton to the west. As well as establishing the subsurface extent of the Eucla Basin and look for large structural zones that may have provided fluid pathways for mineralisation. Raw data for this survey are available on request from clientservices@ga.gov.au

A deep crustal seismic reflection survey, conducted at Gundary Plains near Canberra, to test a digital seismic recording system, produced additional data for interpretation of seismic refraction profiles in the Lachlan Fold Best. Good reflections were recorded down to the probable Moho, at an estimated depth of 41 km. The intracrustal reflections are characterised by bands of seismic energy, which probably represent velocity transition zones within the crust.

The seismic reflection survey was carried out in the Parish of Darriman, Victoria. The survey was planned to investigate a gravity anomaly, which may be an indication of a structure within the sedimentary section favourable to the accumulation of oil or natural gas. For the most part reflections were exceptionally good, and it was possible to trace one reflecting layer over most of the area. Contouring showed the presence of an anticlinal structure, plunging to the east, but rising and broadening to the west. On the flat crest of the tructure, there is probable closure in two places. The thickness of the Tertiary sediments may be a maximum of 6,000 feet, but may be only 3,000 feet on the crest of the structure and 4,000 feet on the flanks.

<p>2D seismic reflection data were acquired in the South Gippsland region of Victoria in June-July 2015. The project was a collaboration between the Geological Survey of Victoria (GSV) and Geoscience Australia (GA). The purpose of the survey was to gain an understanding of the geometry and internal structure of the Cretaceous Strzelecki Group and the underlying Palaeozoic basement of the Melbourne Zone. <p>Two hundred and three km of deep crustal reflection data were collected for the South Gippsland seismic survey along four transects 15GA-SG1, 15GA-SG2, 15GA-SG3 and 15GA-SG4. <p>Raw and processed data are available on request from clientservices@ga.gov.au

Geoscience Australia acquired the Boulia Region Deep Crustal Seismic Survey in two stages during 2014 and 2015. The survey involved the acquisition of seismic reflection and gravity data along three traverses, 14GA-CF2 (369km), 14GA-CF3 (339km) and 15GA-CF3 (140km). Traverse CF3 was carried out over two campaigns with a 6km overlap between the two lines. The purpose of the survey was to establish the architecture of the southern Mount Isa Inlier as well as determining the depth of sediment cover over the Proterozoic basement. The project was collaboration between the Geological Survey of Queensland and Geoscience Australia with funding from the Queensland Governments Future Resources (Mount Isa Geophysics) Program. <b>Raw data for this survey are available on request from clientservices@ga.gov.au</b>