<div>The Ramu-Markham Fault (RMF) runs along the northern edge of the Markham Valley in eastern Papua New Guinea’s Morobe Province. It is the active plate boundary between the South Bismarck Plate and&nbsp;the New Guinea Highlands/Papuan Peninsula Blocks, and is thought to accommodate about 4 cm/yr of convergence associated with the Finisterre arc-continent collision. Because Papua New Guinea’s recently published national seismic hazard map revealed a potential vulnerability of its 2nd largest city, Lae, to RMF earthquakes, Lae has become the focus of a seismic risk study. One of the aims of this study is to improve the characterisation of the earthquake potential along the RMF, and for this reason a new Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) campaign has been undertaken to re-survey over 70 existing benchmarks in and around Morobe Province, including about 35 benchmarks in and around the city of Lae itself. The vast majority of these benchmarks have now been surveyed, and in this paper we discuss the survey and a preliminary analysis of the data.</div><div><br></div>Presented at the 2023 Australian Earthquake Engineering Society (AEES) Conference

<div>FrontierSI has been engaged by Geoscience Australia (GA) to establish a series of case studies showcasing the benefits of Positioning Australia products and services through demonstrations of precise positioning capability. The Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) was selected as the demonstration partner for this case study, contributing their extensive knowledge of current and future marine technologies and providing a suitably challenging environment for deployment of precise positioning solutions. This project investigates the available options for provision of precise global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) positioning at the AIMS Marine Operations Centre, and explores the suitability, benefits, and challenges of using Positioning Australia products including Ginan for this purpose.&nbsp;</div>

We are pleased to announce the forthcoming release of Ginan version 3, a suite of open-source Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) software tools developed and maintained by Geoscience Australia in collaboration with industry and academia under the Positioning Australia program. Ginan serves as a precise point positioning (PPP) engine to produce real-time products that support high-precision positioning. Its versatility is demonstrated through its applicability to various geodetic and positioning activities, including computation of daily coordinate solutions, precise satellite orbit determination, computation of satellite clocks and biases, atmospheric modeling, and data quality assurance and quality control. These products effectively mitigate real-time errors associated with GNSS observations and are openly accessible as a centimeter-accurate correction service. The primary objectives of Ginan are: (1) showcase Australia's unique modelling and analytic systems for multi-GNSS real-time processing, delivering precise positioning products to both the Australian and international Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) community; (2) offer expert advice on navigation system performance over Australia; and (3) provide state-of-the-art GNSS analysis center software to universities and research organizations, thus fostering Australia's leadership in geospatial technology development. In this presentation, we will provide an overview of Ginan version 3, highlighting its new features, the current development status, and the strategic roadmap for its continued use as an operational service. We will provide examples of Ginan’s usefulness as a platform for research and innovation including its use as the processing engine for research into atmospheric anomalies from the Tonga volcano eruption through monitoring travelling ionospheric disturbances that could be used as early warning and tsunamigenic predictors for disaster risk and reduction; and observations of the Turkyia earthquake. The release of Ginan version 3 marks a significant advancement in GNSS data processing and positioning capabilities, contributing to the broader scientific community's understanding and utilization of geospatial technology. Abstract to be submitted to/presented at the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting 2023 (AGU23) - https://www.agu.org/fall-meeting

This collection includes Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations from long-term continuous or semi continuous reference stations at multiple locations across Australia and its external territories, including the Australian Antarctic Territory. <b>Value:</b> The datasets within this collection are provided on an openly accessible basis to support a myriad of scientific and societal positioning applications in Australia. These include the development and maintenance of the Australian Geospatial Reference System (AGRS); the densification of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF); crustal deformation studies; atmospheric studies; and the delivery of precise positioning services to Australian businesses. <b>Scope: </b> Data from reference stations across Australia and its external territories, including the Australian Antarctica Territory. <b>Access: </b> To access the datasets and query station information visit the <a href="https://gnss.ga.gov.au./">Global Navigation Satellite System Data Centre</a>

<div>FrontierSI has been engaged by Geoscience Australia (GA) to establish a series of case studies showcasing the benefits of Positioning Australia products and services through demonstrations of precise positioning capability. This case study is the third in the series and in a collaboration with The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation&nbsp;(CSIRO) it aims to explore the use of Ginan’s real-time and post-processing capabilities for determining water level height from a global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receiver deployed on a floating pontoon on Googong Dam.</div>

<div>Australia has been supporting 13 Pacific Island countries (PICs) to measure, record and analyse long-term sea level and land motion for over 25 years. This is known as the Pacific Sea Level and Geodetic Monitoring (PSLGM) project which is funded by Australian Aid under the Climate and Oceans Support Program in the Pacific (COSPPac). </div><div>The sea level data is collected continuously at one or two tide gauges in each of the 13 PICs. The land motion data is collected continuously at one or two Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations in each of the 13 PICs. The height difference between the tide gauges and GNSS stations is observed once every 18 months (approximately). The data is then analysed to produce sea level information-based products (e.g. tide calendars) and to inform about motion of the land (e.g. for coastal infrastructure planning). </div><div>The PSLGM project involves Australian science agencies (Bureau of Meteorology (Bureau) and Geoscience Australia (GA)) working in partnership with regional organisations (Pacific Community (SPC)), and Pacific government ministries (meteorology and land and survey departments).</div><div><br></div><div>This GA Record reports findings regarding the absolute vertical rate of movement (i.e. the rate at which the land is moving up or down with respect to the centre of the Earth) of 13 Pacific Island Countries tide gauges over the period 2003 – 2022 based on the analysis of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data and levelling data.&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div><br></div>

<div>Ginan is a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) analysis centre software that is currently being developed by Geoscience Australia in partnership with industry and academic partners. Ginan is fully open-source software based on the SSR (State Space Representation), PPP (Precise Point Positioning) model and is capable of computing precise positioning products, delivering real-time correction services, as well as operating as a user-driven precise positioning engine.</div><div><br></div><div>Ginan is a modern, multi-threaded C++ application that utilises industry standard high-performance libraries such as Eigen3, and Boost. Software configuration is managed through industry standard YAML (YAML Ain’t Markup Language) files. Standard IGS (International GNSS Service) file-based products are produced, and intermediate positioning products are managed in the open-source NoSQL MongoDB database and output is through standard Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services-3 (RTCM3), IGS-SSR and Compact SSR message streams. At its core, Ginan is a customised and optimised Kalman filter that is tightly coupled with a data pre-processor and orbit integrator, enabling both real-time processing of industry standard RTCM3 data messages streams and post-processing using IGS positioning products.</div><div><br></div><div>The purpose of Ginan is to provide users with a unique multi-GNSS real-time processing platform capable of delivering precise positioning products to the Australian and international Positioning Navigation and Timing (PNT) community; support expert advice on navigation system performance over Australia; and provide state-of-the-art GNSS analysis centre software to universities and research organisations to enable Australia to lead in the development of geospatial technology. Ginan can be used for many geodetic and positioning activities such as computation of daily coordinate solutions, precise satellite orbit determination, computation of satellite clocks & biases, atmospheric modelling, data QA/QC and more. This paper describes the Kalman filter optimization methodology implemented in Ginan and provides benchmarking comparisons of Ginan against the International GNSS Service combined orbit and clock products. Abstract presented at the 2024 Institute of Navigation (ION) Pacific Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) Conference Honolulu, Hawaii

<div>FrontierSI has been engaged by Geoscience Australia (GA) to establish a series of case studies showcasing the benefits of Positioning Australia products and services through demonstrations of precise positioning capability. This case study is the second in the series and in a collaboration with The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) it aims to explore the use of Ginan’s post-processing capabilities for determining receiver altitude and atmospheric parameters from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) observations collected from a high-altitude balloon.</div>