This web service delivers metadata for onshore active and passive seismic surveys conducted across the Australian continent by Geoscience Australia and its collaborative partners. For active seismic this metadata includes survey header data, line location and positional information, and the energy source type and parameters used to acquire the seismic line data. For passive seismic this metadata includes information about station name and location, start and end dates, operators and instruments. The metadata are maintained in Geoscience Australia's onshore active seismic and passive seismic database, which is being added to as new surveys are undertaken. Links to datasets, reports and other publications for the seismic surveys are provided in the metadata.

Seismological data are used for a variety of purposes, from earthquake hazard zonation to mapping Earth structure and mineral resource exploration. The immense volumes of seismic data now available challenge the application of routine seismic analysis techniques using existing tools. These tools fail to take advantage of recent advances in computing hardware and data formats. Given the scale of data to process and the computational complexity of algorithms involved, a more efficient approach that scales on high-performance computing and data (HPC-HPD) platforms is needed. In addition, different agencies have tended to use bespoke and ad hoc data formats, data curation processes and quality standards, hindering large-scale analyses and modelling. High-performance seismological tools (HiPerSeis) facilitate the transformation of source seismological data into formats geared towards HPC-HPD platforms. HiPerSeis also implements optimised seismological workflows that can be run at large scale on HPC-HPD platforms. <b>Citation:</b> Hassan, R., Hejrani, B., Medlin, A., Gorbatov, A. and Zhang, F., 2020. High-performance seismological tools (HiPerSeis). In: Czarnota, K., Roach, I., Abbott, S., Haynes, M., Kositcin, N., Ray, A. and Slatter, E. (eds.) Exploring for the Future: Extended Abstracts, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, 1–4.

To meet the rising global demand for base metals – driven primarily by the transition to cleaner-energy sources – declining rates of discovery of new deposits need to be countered by advances in exploration undercover. Here, we report that 85% of the world’s sediment-hosted base metals, including all giant deposits (>10 Mt of metal), occur within 200 km of the edge of thick lithosphere, irrespective of the age of mineralisation. This implies long-term craton edge stability, forcing a reconsideration of basin dynamics and the sediment-hosted mineral system. We find that the thermochemical structure of thick lithosphere results in increased basin subsidence rates during rifting, coupled with low geothermal gradients, which ensure favourable metal solubility and precipitation. Sediments in such basins generally contain all necessary lithofacies of the mineral system. These considerations allow establishment of the first-ever national prospectus for sediment-hosted base metal discovery. Conservative estimates place the undiscovered resource of sediment-hosted base metals in Australia to be ~50–200 Mt of metal. Importantly, this work suggests that ~15% of Australia is prospective for giant sediment-hosted deposits; we suggest that exploration efforts should be focused in this area. <b>Citation:</b> Czarnota, K., Hoggard, M.J., Richards, F.D., Teh, M., Huston, D.L., Jaques, A.L. and Ghelichkhan, S., 2020. Minerals on the edge: sediment-hosted base metal endowment above steps in lithospheric thickness. In: Czarnota, K., Roach, I., Abbott, S., Haynes, M., Kositcin, N., Ray, A. and Slatter, E. (eds.) Exploring for the Future: Extended Abstracts, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, 1–4.

Exploration and management of minerals, energy and groundwater resources requires robust constraints on subsurface geology. Over the last decade the passive seismic technique has grown in popularity as it is one of a handful of non-invasive methods of imaging the subsurface. Given regional imaging relies on comparing records of ground motion between simultaneous deployments of seismometers deployed for over a year, consistency and quality of data collection lies at the heart of this technique. Here, we summarise the standard operating procedures developed by Geoscience Australia over the last 6 years for deployment, servicing and retrieval of passive seismic arrays. Our purpose is to share our experience and thereby contribute to improving the quality of passive seismic data being acquired across Australia. <b>Citation:</b> Holzschuh J., Gorbatov A., Glowacki J., Cooper A. & Cooper C., 2022. AusArray temporary passive seismic station deployment, servicing and retrieval: Geoscience Australia standard operating procedures. In: Czarnota, K. (ed.) Exploring for the Future: Extended Abstracts, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, https://dx.doi.org/10.26186/146999

<div>Around the world the Earth's crust is blanketed to various extents by sedimentary cover. For continental regions, knowledge of the distribution and thickness of sediments is crucial for a wide range of applications including seismic hazard, resource potential, and our ability to constrain the deeper crustal geology. Excellent constraints on the sedimentary thickness can be obtained from borehole drilling or active seismic surveys. However, these approaches are expensive and impractical in remote continental interiors such as central Australia. </div><div><br></div><div>Recently, a method for estimating the sedimentary thickness using passive seismic data, the collection of which is relatively simple and low-cost, was developed and applied to seismic stations in South Australia. This method uses receiver functions, specifically the time delay of the \P{}-to-\S{} converted phase generated at the sediment-basement interface, relative to the direct-P arrival, to generate a first order estimate of the thickness of sedimentary cover. In this work we expand the analysis to the vast array of over 1500 seismic stations across Australia, covering an entire continent and numerous sedimentary basins that span the entire range from Precambrian to present-day. We compare with an established yet separate method to estimate the sedimentary thickness, which utilises the autocorrelation of the radial receiver functions to ascertain the two-way travel-time of shear waves reverberating in a sedimentary layer.</div><div><br></div><div>Across the Australian continent the new results clearly match the broad pattern of expected sedimentation based on the various geological provinces. Furthermore we are able to delineate the boundaries of many sedimentary features, such as the Eucla and Murray Basins, which are Cenozoic, and the boundary between the Karumba Basin and the mineral rich Mount Isa Province. The signal is found to diminish for older Proterozoic basins, likely due to compaction and metamorphism of the sediments over time. Finally, a comparison with measurements of sedimentary thickness from local boreholes allows for a straightforward predictive relationship between the delay time and the cover thickness to be defined. This offers future widespread potential, providing a simple and cheap way to characterise the sedimentary thickness in under-explored areas from passive seismic data. </div><div><br></div><div>This study and some of the data used are funded and supported by the Australian Government's Exploring for the Future program led by Geoscience Australia.</div> <b>Citation:</b> Augustin Marignier, Caroline M Eakin, Babak Hejrani, Shubham Agrawal, Rakib Hassan, Sediment thickness across Australia from passive seismic methods, <i>Geophysical Journal International</i>, Volume 237, Issue 2, May 2024, Pages 849–861, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggae070">https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggae070</a>

This web service delivers metadata for onshore active and passive seismic surveys conducted across the Australian continent by Geoscience Australia and its collaborative partners. For active seismic this metadata includes survey header data, line location and positional information, and the energy source type and parameters used to acquire the seismic line data. For passive seismic this metadata includes information about station name and location, start and end dates, operators and instruments. The metadata are maintained in Geoscience Australia's onshore active seismic and passive seismic database, which is being added to as new surveys are undertaken. Links to datasets, reports and other publications for the seismic surveys are provided in the metadata.

<div>The active seismic and passive seismic database contains metadata about Australian land seismic surveys acquired by Geoscience Australia and its collaborative partners. </div><div>For active seismic this is onshore surveys with metadata including survey header data, line location and positional information, and the energy source type and parameters used to acquire the seismic line data. For passive seismic this metadata includes information about station name and location, start and end dates, operators and instruments. Each also contains a field that contains links to the published data. </div><div><br></div><div>The active and passive seismic database is a subset of tables within the larger Geophysical Surveys and Datasets Database and development of these databases was completed as part of the second phase of the Exploring for the Future (EFTF) program (2020-2024). The resource is accessible via the Geoscience Australia Portal&nbsp;(https://portal.ga.gov.au/), under 'Geophysics'. Use 'active seismic' or 'passive seismic' as search terms. </div><div><br></div>

To improve exploration success undercover, the UNCOVER initiative identified high-resolution 3D seismic velocity characterisation of the Australian plate as a high priority. To achieve this goal, the Australian Government and academia have united around the Australian Passive Seismic Array Project (AusArray). The aim is to obtain a national half-degree data coverage and an updatable 3D national velocity model, which grows in resolution as more data become available. AusArray combines data collected from the Australian National Seismological Network (ANSN), multiple academic transportable arrays (supported by AuScope and individual grants) and the Seismometers in Schools program. The Exploring for the Future program has enable the unification of these datasets and a doubling of the national rate of data acquisition. Extensive quality control checks have been applied across the AusArray dataset to improve the robustness of subsequent tomographic inversion and interpretation. These data and inversion code framework allow robust national-scale imaging of the Earth to be rapidly undertaken at depths of a few metres to hundreds of kilometres. <b>Citation:</b> Gorbatov, A., Czarnota, K., Hejrani, B., Haynes, M., Hassan, R., Medlin, A., Zhao, J., Zhang, F., Salmon, M., Tkalčić, H., Yuan, H., Dentith, M., Rawlinson, N., Reading, A.M., Kennett, B.L.N., Bugden, C. and Costelloe, M., 2020. AusArray: quality passive seismic data to underpin updatable national velocity models of the lithosphere. In: Czarnota, K., Roach, I., Abbott, S., Haynes, M., Kositcin, N., Ray, A. and Slatter, E. (eds.) Exploring for the Future: Extended Abstracts, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/135284 <b>Data for this product are available on request from clientservices@ga.gov.au (see data description). Last updated 08/08/2024 - Quote eCat# 135284</b>

<div>Recent studies have demonstrated that understanding the lithospheric structure is crucial for resource exploration, as errors in model interpretation can lead to significant financial losses. Tomographic images play a key role in constructing lithospheric models. Previous seismic tomographic models were developed using sparse broad-band receiver coverage in Australia, limiting the resolution and reliability of these models. Additionally, the source datasets and associated error estimates are often unavailable, making it difficult to assess the accuracy and resolution power of the models. Therefore, there is a growing need for a fully verifiable lithospheric model of Australia that utilizes national-scale legacy data assimilation and the deployment of new seismic stations to ensure standardized and quality-controlled national data coverage. Geoscience Australia has committed to producing such a model using data from improved national station coverage and sharing all results and datasets involved in model building. A relatively uniform station coverage over the Australian landmass has been achieved with the addition of the currently operated 2-degree (~222 km) grid continental-scale Australian Passive Seismic Array Project&nbsp; (AusArray) deployment, which includes stations installed in previously inaccessible regions. Full waveform inversion (FWI) was selected to create the Australian tomographic models.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>Our database combines records obtained across Australia and the surrounding region. It spans from 1997 to 2023. The dataset underwent a thorough quality check and records for 358 earthquakes registered at 660 seismic stations were extracted for further FWI imaging. Our tomographic image reveals well known subduction zones visible as high velocity belts around Australia showing the structure of ~100 km thickness. The Australian lithosphere in the west is of higher seismic velocity than the east, in general, in agreement with the most tomographic models published previously. However, our results exhibit significantly higher granularity than the previous studies. Adding further earthquakes with lower magnitudes and further AusArray data as it becomes available will continue to improve the model accuracy and resolution. Presented at the 2024 Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists (ASEG) Discover Symposium

This animation shows how passive seismic surveys Work. It is part of a series of Field Activity Technique Engagement Animations. The target audience are the communities that are impacted by our data acquisition activities. There is no sound or voice over. The 2D animation includes a simplified view of what passive seismic equipment looks like, what the equipment measures and how the survey works.