Descriptions of and measurements from field sites and samples from geological (including regolith) surveys. <b>Value: </b>Used to constrained surface geology, important in resource exploration and understanding physical environment. <b>Scope: </b>Mapping surveys mainly in Australia, but also in Antarctica, Oceania and south-east Asia.

Survey Data captured after severe natural hazard events covering a range of hazards with specific attributes. This observational information is used as input data to assessing vulnerability to natural hazard, but is not made available in its raw form. <b>Value: </b>Used to assess impacts from natural disasters and thereby reduce future risks. <b>Scope: </b>Australia, data from Papua New Guinea, Indonesian province of West Sumatra (Padang) and New Zealand

Geometric representations of major surface water features of Australia, such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, dams, canals and catchments. Also includes hydrologic features such as catchment boundaries and drainage basins. <b>Value:</b> This data is not authoritative, but represent a valuable resource for visualisation, decision support and planning activities. <b>Scope:</b> This is a National dataset at resolution relevant for presentation of regional spatial data such as digital maps.

Time series seismograph data recorded from Australian National Seismograph Network (ANSN) observatories in Australia, islands in the Pacific, Southern and Indian Ocean's and the Australian Antarctic Territory. <b>Value: </b>This data is used for earthquake monitoring, measurement, detection and location of earthquakes, which is valuable for emergency response, hazard modelling and mitigation. The dataset is also used to meet a subset of Australia's obligations to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation (CTBTO) to fulfil Australia's commitment to nuclear explosion monitoring. <b>Scope: </b>Observatories in Australia, islands in the Pacific, Southern and Indian Ocean's and the Australian Antarctic Territory

The National Spectral Database (NSD) houses data from Australian remote sensing scientists. The database includes spectra covering targets as diverse as mineralogy, soils, plants, water bodies and various land surfaces. Currently the database holds spectral information from multiple locations across the country and as the collection grows in spatial / temporal coverage, the NSD will service continental scale validation requirements of the Earth observation community for satellite-based measurements of surface reflectance. <b>Value:</b> Curated spectral data provides a wealth of knowledge to remote sensing scientists. For other parties interested in calibration and validation (Cal/Val) of surface reflectance products, the Geoscience Australia (GA) Cal/Val dataset provides a useful resource of ground-truth data to compare to reflectance captured by Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 satellites. The Aquatic Library is a robust collection of Australian datasets from 1994 to present time, primarily of end-member and substratum measurements. The University of Wollongong collection represents immense value in end-member studies, both terrestrial and aquatic. <b>Scope:</b> The NSD covers Australian data including historical datasets as old as 1994. Physical study sites encompass locations around Australia, with spectra captured in every state. <b>Data types:</b> - Spectral data: raw digital numbers (DN), radiance and reflectance.  - From spectral bands VIS-NIR, SWIR1 & SWIR2: wavelengths 350nm - 2500nm collected with instruments in the field or lab setting. Contact for further information: NSDB_manager@ga.gov.au

Data used to generate the National Seismic Hazard Assessments (NSHA). Data includes: original and modified earthquake catalogues, earthquake rate models, probabilistic seismic hazard outputs. The most recent assessment was completed in 2018 and can be viewed on Geoscience Australia's <a href="http://www.ga.gov.au/about/projects/safety/nsha">National Seismic Hazard Assessment (NSHA) Internet Page</a> <b>Value: </b> Data used to generate the NSHA <b>Scope: </b>Continental scale

Geoscience Australia is responsible for the records and custody of Commonwealth aerial photography, acquired since 1928 up to the most recent analogue film capture in mid-1990s. Subsequent comparable information is available in the form of satellite imagery or direct digital aerial image capture. The majority of the landmass of Australia is covered by black and white photography at 1:80,000 scale. The near complete coverage was undertaken three times, in 1950s, 1960s and 1980s. Metadata about aerial photo surveys is recorded as flight diagrams on 1:250,000, 1:100,000 & 1:50,000 maps showing the approximate aircraft flight paths, selective depiction of photo centres, and other survey parameters. <b>Value:</b> Aerial imagery can be used to study change over time for land use, vegetation, environmental quality, etc. <b>Scope: </b>Images in the collection have been acquired since 1928 up to the most recent analogue film capture in mid-1990s. Subsequent comparable information is available in the form of satellite imagery or direct digital aerial image capture. The majority of the landmass of Australia is covered by black and white photography at 1:80,000 scale. The near complete coverage was undertaken three times, in 1950s, 1960s and 1980s.

Parametric dataset of earthquakes in the Australian region, with magnitudes greater than 2.5. Includes records of instrumentally recorded earthquakes and explosions, and earthquake parameters inferred from historic documents. Threshold magnitude of completeness varies spatially and temporally. <b>Value: </b>This data has historic value, and is used in assessment of earthquake hazard, risk and potential impacts from future events. <b>Scope: </b>A catalogue of known historical earthquakes in Australia and adjacent regions.

Mapped and projected extents of geology and geologic features in Australia, including: surface geology, regolith geology, solid geology, chronostratigraphic surfaces, and province boundaries. The database includes igneous, sedimentary and structural characteristics, age limits, parent and constituent units, relations to surrounding provinces, and mineral and petroleum resources. based on field observations interpretations of geophysics and borehole data. <b>Value:</b> Data used for understanding surface and near surface geology. The data can be used for a variety of purposes, including resource exploration, land use management, and environmental assessment. <b>Scope:</b> Australia and Australian Antarctic Territory

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for bathymetry of areas of interest around Australia. These models have a 30m-resolution. <b>Value: </b>Bathymetry mapping of the seafloor is vital for the protection of the coastal region, allowing for the safe navigation of shipping and improved environmental management. <b>Scope: </b>Areas include: Northern Australia, Great Barrier Reef, and Bass Strait.