<div>Strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) are useful to trace processes in the Earth sciences as well as in forensic, archaeological, palaeontological, and ecological sciences. As very few large-scale Sr isoscapes exist in Australia, we have identified an opportunity to determine 87Sr/86Sr ratios on archived fluvial sediment samples from the low-density National Geochemical Survey of Australia (www.ga.gov.au/ngsa; last access: 15 December 2022). The present study targeted the northern parts of Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland, north of 21.5 °S. The samples were taken mostly from a depth of ~60-80 cm in floodplain deposits at or near the outlet of large catchments (drainage basins). A coarse (< 2 mm) grain-size fraction was air-dried, sieved, milled then digested (hydrofluoric acid + nitric acid followed by aqua regia) to release <em>total</em> Sr. The Sr was then separated by chromatography and the 87Sr/86Sr ratio determined by multicollector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results demonstrate a wide range of Sr isotopic values (0.7048 to 1.0330) over the survey area, reflecting a large diversity of source rock lithologies, geological processes and bedrock ages. Spatial distribution of 87Sr/86Sr shows coherent (multi-point anomalies and smooth gradients), large-scale (> 100 km) patterns that appear to be broadly consistent with surface geology, regolith/soil type, and/or nearby outcropping bedrock. For instance, the extensive black clay soils of the Barkly Tableland define a > 500 km-long northwest-southeast-trending unradiogenic anomaly (87Sr/86Sr < 0.7182). Where sedimentary carbonate or mafic/ultramafic igneous rocks dominate, low to moderate 87Sr/86Sr values are generally recorded (medians of 0.7387 and 0.7422, respectively). In proximity to the outcropping Proterozoic metamorphic basement of the Tennant, McArthur, Murphy and Mount Isa geological regions, conversely, radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr values (> 0.7655) are observed. A potential correlation between mineralisation and elevated 87Sr/86Sr values in these regions needs to be investigated in greater detail. Our results to-date indicate that incorporating soil/regolith Sr isotopes in regional, exploratory geoscience investigations can help identify basement rock types under (shallow) cover, constrain surface processes (e.g. weathering, dispersion), and, potentially, recognise components of mineral systems. Furthermore, the resulting Sr isoscape and future models derived therefrom can also be utilised in forensic, archaeological, paleontological and ecological studies that aim to investigate, e.g., past and modern animal (including humans) dietary habits and migrations. The new spatial Sr isotope dataset for the northern Australia region is publicly available (de Caritat et al., 2022a; https://dx.doi.org/10.26186/147473; last access: 15 December 2022).</div> <b>Citation:</b> de Caritat, P., Dosseto, A., and Dux, F.: A strontium isoscape of northern Australia, <i>Earth Syst. Sci. Data</i>, 15, 1655–1673, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1655-2023, <b>2023</b>.

<div>Geoscience Australia’s Exploring for the Future program provides precompetitive information to inform decision-making by government, community and industry on the sustainable development of Australia's mineral, energy and groundwater resources.</div><div><br></div><div>In order to gain insights into the resource potential of the South Nicholson region, a key region of focus for EFTF, National Drilling Initiative (NDI) Carrara&nbsp;1 stratigraphic drill hole was completed in late 2020, as a collaboration between Geoscience Australia, the Northern Territory Geological Survey (NTGS), and the MinEx CRC. NDI Carrara&nbsp;1 is the first drill hole to intersect the, as yet, undifferentiated Proterozoic rocks of the newly defined Carrara Sub-Basin within the South Nicholson region. NDI Carrara&nbsp;1 is located on the western flank of the Carrara Sub-basin, reaching a total depth of 1751&nbsp;m, intersecting ca. 630&nbsp;m of Cambrian Georgina Basin overlying ca. 1100&nbsp;m of Proterozoic carbonates, black shales and minor siliciclastics.</div><div><br></div><div>Geoscience Australia is undertaking a range of investigations on the lithology, stratigraphy and geotechnical properties of NDI Carrara&nbsp;1 based on wireline data, as well as undertaking a range of analyses of over 400 physical samples recovered through the entire core. These analyses include geochronology, isotopic studies, mineralogy, inorganic and organic geochemistry, petrophysics, geomechanics, thermal maturity, and petroleum systems investigations. Hylogger™ data is available at the NTGS Geoscience Exploration and Mining Information System (GEMIS) webpage.</div><div><br></div><div>This data release presents results for analyses on selected rock samples from NDI Carrara 1, conducted by the Mawson Analytical Spectrometry Services, University of Adelaide, under contract to Geoscience Australia. These results include:</div><div><br></div><div>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Carbon (δ13C), oxygen (δ18O) and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopes on carbonate bearing samples, and</div><div>2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Trace element data on the leachates prepared for 87Sr/86Sr ratio analyses.</div><div><br></div>

<div>Geoscience Australia’s Exploring for the Future program provides precompetitive information to inform decision-making by government, community and industry on the sustainable development of Australia's mineral, energy and groundwater resources.&nbsp;&nbsp;By gathering, analysing and interpreting new and existing precompetitive geoscience data and knowledge, we are building a national picture of Australia’s geology and resource potential.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>The Paleo to Mesoproterozoic Birrindudu Basin is an underexplored frontier basin located in northwestern Northern Territory and northeastern Western Australia. The Birrindudu Basin is a region of focus for the second phase of the EFTF program (2020–2024) as it contains strata of similar age to the prospective McArthur Basin, South Nicholson region and Mount Isa Province, but remains comparatively poorly understood.&nbsp;Geoscience Australia, in collaboration with the Northern Territory Geological Survey is acquiring isotopic, geochronological, geochemical and geomechanical data from drillholes intersecting the Birrindudu Basin as part of phase two of EFTF. </div><div><br></div><div>This report presents results on selected rock samples from the Birrindudu Basin, conducted by the Mawson Analytical Spectrometry Services, University of Adelaide, under contract to Geoscience Australia. These results include:</div><div>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Carbon (δ13C), oxygen (δ18O) and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopes on carbonate-bearing samples, and</div><div>2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Trace element data on the leachates prepared for 87Sr/86Sr ratio analyses.</div>

<div>The bulk rock stable isotopes database table contains publicly available results from Geoscience Australia's organic geochemistry (ORGCHEM) schema and supporting oracle databases for the stable isotopic composition of sedimentary rocks with an emphasis on calcareous rocks and minerals sampled from boreholes and field sites. The stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen, strontium, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur are measured by various laboratories in service and exploration companies, Australian government institutions, and universities, using a range of instruments. Data includes the borehole or field site location, sample depth, stratigraphy, analytical methods, other relevant metadata, and the stable isotopes ratios. The carbon (¹³C/¹²C) and oxygen (¹⁸O/¹⁶O) isotope ratios of calcareous rocks are expressed in delta notation (i.e., &delta;¹³C and &delta;¹⁸O) in parts per mil (‰) relative to the Vienna Peedee Belemnite (VPDB) standard, with the &delta;¹⁸O values also reported relative to the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW) standard. Likewise, the stable isotope ratio of hydrogen (²H/¹H) is presented in delta notation (&delta;²H) in parts per mil (‰) relative to the VSMOW standard, the stable isotope ratio of nitrogen (¹⁵N/¹⁴N) is presented in delta notation (&delta;¹⁵N) in parts per mil (‰) relative to the atmospheric air (AIR) standard, and the stable isotope ratio of sulfur (³⁴S/³²S) is presented in delta notation (&delta;³⁴S) relative to the Vienna Canyon Diablo Troilite (VCDT) standard. For carbonates, the strontium (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) isotope ratios are also provided.</div><div><br></div><div>These data are used to determine the isotopic compositions of sedimentary rock with emphasis on the carbonate within rocks, either as minerals, the mineral matrix or cements. The results for the carbonate rocks are used to determine paleotemperature, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate, and establish regional- and global-scale stratigraphic correlations. These data are collated from Geoscience Australia records, destructive analysis reports (DARs), well completion reports (WCRs), and literature. The stable isotope data for sedimentary rocks are delivered in the Stable Isotopes of Carbonates web services on the Geoscience Australia Data Discovery Portal at https://portal.ga.gov.au which will be periodically updated.</div>

<div>This report contains new whole-rock and isotope (Pb and Sr) geochemical data, associated sample metadata, an assessment of the data’s quality assurance, for 76 samples collected from the Georgina Basin of the East Tennant National Drilling Initiative (NDI) in 2021. The data can be downloaded via the Geoscience Australia EFTF portal (https://portal.ga.gov.au/persona/eftf) or in the files attached with this record (http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/148954).</div><div><br></div><div>This new geochemistry data release builds on the success of the East Tennant NDI, addressing the data-gap in earlier geochemical sampling of these holes, by providing whole-rock geochemistry (and Pb+Sr isotopes) for the Georgina Basin cover sequence. Improved geochemical characterisation of Georgina Basin geology is valuable from both a hydrogeological and mineral systems perspective. The Georgina Basin extends across much of the Northern Territory and into western Queensland, comprised of Cryogenian to Devonian sediment packages.</div><div><br></div><div>Geoscience Australia’s Exploring for the Future program provides precompetitive information to inform decision-making by government, community and industry on the sustainable development of Australia's mineral, energy and groundwater resources. By gathering, analysing and interpreting new and existing precompetitive geoscience data and knowledge, we are building a national picture of Australia’s geology and resource potential. This leads to a strong economy, resilient society and sustainable environment for the benefit of all Australians. This includes supporting Australia’s transition to net zero emissions, strong, sustainable resources and agriculture sectors, and economic opportunities and social benefits for Australia’s regional and remote communities. The Exploring for the Future program, which commenced in 2016, is an eight year, $225m investment by the Australian Government.</div><div><br></div>

<div>NDI Carrara&nbsp;1 is a 1751 m stratigraphic drill hole completed in 2020 as part of the MinEx CRC National Drilling Initiative (NDI). This campaign was a collaboration between Geoscience Australia under the Exploring for the Future program, together with MinEx CRC and the Northern Territory Geological Survey. It is the first drillhole to intersect Proterozoic rocks of the Carrara Sub-basin, a recently discovered depocentre in the South Nicholson region. The drill hole intersected ~625 m of the Paleozoic Georgina Basin, which overlies ~1120 m of Proterozoic carbonates, black shales and siliciclastic rocks, with hydrocarbon shows encountered in both the Paleozoic and Proterozoic sections. Following the completion of the drillhole, a comprehensive analytical program was carried out by Geoscience Australia to better understand the geology of the Carrara Sub-basin and its resource potential.</div><div><br></div><div>Here we present new high-resolution strontium (87Sr/86Sr), carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope data from carbonate bearing samples of the Paleozoic Georgina Basin and the Proterozoic Lawn Hill Formation intersected in NDI Carrara&nbsp;1. The aim of this data acquisition was to provide an improved understanding of the paleo-depositional environments and local/global chemostratigraphy trends recorded in the Carrara Sub-basin. </div><div><br></div><div>The majority of samples show significant alteration and thus caution should be exercised when using this data for assessing primary depositional conditions and contemporary sea-water chemistry. Despite the altered nature of most samples, samples belonging to undifferentiated Georgina Basin preserve 87Sr/86Sr ratios close to that of mid-Cambrian seawater, indicating the sampled intervals of Georgina Basin were likely connected to the global Cambrian ocean.&nbsp;Two small positive δ13C excursions (with positive shift in δ18O) within Georgina Basin samples may coincide with reported mid-Cambrian positive δ13C global marine excursions. </div><div><br></div><div>The least altered samples from the Proterozoic Lawn Hill Formation show more radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr values than the expected value of coeval mid-Proterozoic ocean at ~1600 Ma. These radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr values may reflect (i) influx of terrigenous material into a restricted basin with reduced interaction with the global ocean, or (ii) secondary overprinting by more radiogenic diagenetic fluids.</div> Abstract/Poster submitted and presented at 2023 Australian Earth Science Convention (AESC), Perth WA (https://2023.aegc.com.au/)

This report contains new whole-rock and isotope geochemical data, associated sample metadata, an assessment of the data’s quality assurance, for 742 samples collected in and around the Curnamona and Delamerian provinces, across numerous drillcore sampling campaigns through 2021-23. The data can be downloaded via the Geoscience Australia EFTF portal (https://portal.ga.gov.au/persona/eftf) or in the files attached with this record (http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/148651). Geochemical sampling in the Curnamona region straddles both South Australia and New South Wales. The objective of sampling was to obtain representative coverage (both stratigraphically and spatially) to support developing regional geochemical baselines (in conjunction with existing geochemistry). Thus, this sampling included both the Curnamona Province and the overlying basins (Eromanga Basin, Lake Eyre Basin). Whole-rock geochemistry is reported for 562 samples, with a subset of 13 samples analysed for Pb and Sr isotopes, and another subset of 36 samples analysed by thin section petrography (all presented herein). Geochemical sampling in the Delamerian region has focussed on available legacy drill core in South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria. The objective of sampling was to (systematically) constrain the geochemical character of magmatic rocks across the mainland extent of the Delamerian Orogen, as well as younger volcanics within the Delamerian Orogen and/or overlying cover. This geochemical sampling was conducted in conjunction with geochronology, mineral systems sampling and stratigraphic drilling (all components of the DCD project) to reinterpret the timing, character and fertility of the Delamerian Orogen. Whole-rock geochemistry is reported for 180 samples. Version 2.0 (published 28 November 2023) has added whole rock geochemistry for 22 new samples in the Delamerian region. The data products and report have been updated accordingly.