This presentation comprises information for the Minister to answer the following questions: The minister is looking to build his understanding of the different types of hydrocarbons that come out of the ground (e.g. dry gas, wet gas, condensate, etc.), how are they different and what does that mean for value, ease of production, transport?   Provide some simple diagrams demonstrating the spectrum of hydrocarbon types (e.g. oil to gas), as well as figures demonstrating source rock to hydrocarbon type relationships. Give examples of the molecular structures and difference in composition between condensate, light and mediums oils etc. Use examples from northern Australian basins with a focus on the Beetaloo Sub-basin and the Canning Basin. 25 October 2019

<div>Exploring for the Future (EFTF) is an Australian Government program led by Geoscience Australia, in partnership with state and Northern Territory governments, and aimed at stimulating exploration now to ensure a sustainable, long-term future for Australia through an improved understanding of the nation’s minerals, energy and groundwater resource potential. </div><div>The EFTF program is currently focused on eight interrelated projects, united in growing our understanding of subsurface geology. One of these projects, the Barkly–Isa–Georgetown project, will deliver new data and knowledge to assess the mineral and energy potential in undercover regions between Tennant Creek, Mount Isa and Georgetown. Building on the work completed in the first four years of the Exploring for the Future program (2016-2020), the project undertook stratigraphic drilling in the East Tennant and South Nicholson regions, in collaboration with MinEx CRC and the Northern Territory Geological Survey (NTGS). This work tests geological interpretations and the inferred mineral and energy potential of these covered regions. Geoscience Australia is undertaking a range of analyses on physical samples from these drill holes including geochemistry and geochronology. </div><div>The South Nicholson National Drilling Initiative (NDI) Carrara 1 drill hole is the first drillhole to intersect the Proterozoic rocks of the Carrara Sub-Basin, a depocentre newly discovered in the South Nicholson region based on interpretation from seismic surveys acquired as part of the EFTF. It is located on the western flanks of the Carrara Sub-basin on the South Nicholson Seismic line 17GA-SN1, reaching a total depth of 1751 m, intersecting ca. 630 m of Cambrian Georgina Basin overlying ca. 1100 m of Proterozoic carbonates, black shales and minor siliciclastics.</div><div>The NDI BK10 drill hole is the tenth drill hole drilled as part of the East Tennant project aimed to constrain the East Tennant basement geology and calibrate predictive mineral potential maps to further our understanding of the prospectivity of this region. NDI BK10 reached a depth of 766 m and intersected basement at 734 m. Overlying these basement metasediments of the Alroy Formation, the drillhole intersected about 440 m of Proterozoic rocks underlain by ca. 300 m rocks of Cambrian age from the Georgina Basin.</div><div>During coring of NDI Carrara 1 and NDI BK10, cores containing oil stains were identified and sent for geochemical analysis to Geoscience Australia. This report presents the geochemical data from these oil stains including biomarker and isotopic data.</div>

<p>Geoscience Australia's Oracle organic geochemical database comprises analytical results for samples relevant to petroleum exploration, including source rocks, crude oils and natural gases collected across the Australian continent. The data comprises organic chemical analyses of hydrocarbon-bearing earth materials as well as including connectivity to some inorganic analyses. These data enable petroleum fluids to be typed into families and correlated to their source rock, from which depositional environment, age, and migration distances can be determined, and hence the extent of the total petroleum system can be mapped. This comprehensive data set is useful to government for evidence-based decision making on natural resources and the petroleum industry for de-risking conventional and unconventional petroleum exploration programs. <p>The data are produced by a wide range of analytical techniques. For example, source rocks are evaluated for their bulk compositional characteristics by programmed pyrolysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography and organic petrology. Natural gases are analysed for their molecular and isotopic content by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-temperature conversion-mass spectrometry (GC-TC-IRMS). Crude oils and the extracts of source rocks are analysed for their bulk properties (API gravity; elemental analysis) and their molecular (biomarkers) and isotopic (carbon and hydrogen) content by GC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) and GC-TC-IRMS. <p>The sample data originate from physical samples, well completion reports, and destructive analysis reports provided by the petroleum industry under the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act (OPGGSA) 2006 and previous Petroleum (submerged Lands) Act (PSLA) 1967. The sample data are also sourced from geological sampling programs in Australia by Geoscience Australia and its predecessor organisation's Australian Geological Survey Organisation (AGSO) and Bureau of Mineral Resources (BMR), and from the state and territory geological organisations. Geoscience Australia generates data from its own laboratories. Other open file data from publications, university theses and books are also included <b>Value:</b> The organic geochemistry database enables digital discoverability and accessibility to key petroleum geochemical datasets. It delivers open file, raw petroleum-related analytical results to web map services and web feature services in Geoscience Australia’s portal. Derived datasets and value-add products are created based on calculated values and geological interpretations to provide information on the subsurface petroleum prospectivity of the Australian continent. For example, the ‘Oils of Australia’ series and the ‘characterisation of natural gas’ reports document the location, source and maturity of Australia’s petroleum resources. Details of the total petroleum systems of selected basins studied under the Exploring for the Future project can be found in the Petroleum Systems Summaries Tool in Geoscience Australia’s portal. Related Geoscience Australia Records and published papers can be obtained from eCat. <b>Scope:</b> The collection initially comprised organic geochemical and petrological data on organic-rich sedimentary rocks, crude oils and natural gas from petroleum wells drilled in the onshore and offshore Australian continent. Over time, other sample types (ground water, fluid inclusions, mineral veins, bitumen) from other borehole types (minerals, stratigraphic – including the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program), marine dredge samples and field sites (outcrop, mines, surface seepage samples) have been analysed for their hydrocarbon content and are captured in the database. Results for many of the oil and gas samples held in the Australian National Offshore Wells Data Collection are included in this database.