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Green Steel: Synergies between the Australian Iron Ore Industry and the Production of Green Hydrogen

Green steel, produced using renewable energy and hydrogen, presents a promising avenue to decarbonize steel manufacturing and expand the hydrogen industry. Australia, endowed with abundant renewable resources and iron ore deposits, is ideally placed to support this global effort. This paper's two-step analytical approach offers the first comprehensive assessment of Australia's potential to develop green steel as a value-added export commodity. The Economic Fairways modelling reveals a strong alignment between prospective hydrogen hubs and current and future iron ore operations, enabling shared infrastructure development and first-mover advantages. By employing a site-based system optimization that integrates both wind and solar power sources, the cost of producing green steel could decrease significantly to around AU$900 per tonne by 2030 and AU$750 per tonne by 2050. Moreover, replacing 1% of global steel production would require 35 GW of well-optimized wind and solar photovoltaics, 16 GW of hydrogen electrolysers, and 1000 square kilometres of land. Sensitivity analysis further indicates that iron ore prices would exert a long-term influence on green steel prices. Overall, this study highlights the opportunities and challenges facing the Australian iron ore industry in contributing to the decarbonization of the global steel sector, underscoring the crucial role of government support in driving the growth and development of the green steel industry.


<b>Citation:</b>

Wang C et al., Green steel: Synergies between the Australian iron ore industry and the production of green hydrogen, <i>International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,</i> Volume 48, Issue 81, 1 October 2023, Pages 32277-32293, ISSN 0360-3199.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.05.041

Simple

Identification info

Date (Creation)
2021-10-29
Date (Publication)
2023-09-11T05:10:13
Citation identifier
Geoscience Australia Persistent Identifier/https://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/146059

Identifier

Codespace

Digital Object Identifier

Cited responsible party
Role Organisation / Individual Name Details
Author

Wang, C.

External Contact
Author

Walsh, S.D.C.

External Contact
Author

Weng, Z.

MEG Internal Contact
Author

Haynes, M.

MEG Internal Contact
Author

Summerfield, D.

MEG Internal Contact
Author

Feitz, A.

MEG Internal Contact
Publisher

Elsevier Ltd

External Contact
Name

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Issue identification

Volume 48 Issue 81 1 October 2023

Page

32277-32293

Purpose

Journal article

Status
Accepted
Point of contact
Role Organisation / Individual Name Details
Point of contact

Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia)

Voice
Point of contact

Haynes, M.

MEG Internal Contact
Resource provider

Minerals, Energy and Groundwater Division

External Contact
Spatial representation type
Topic category
  • Geoscientific information

Extent

Extent

N
S
E
W


Maintenance and update frequency
Not planned

Resource format

Title

Product data repository: Various Formats

Protocol

FILE:DATA-DIRECTORY

Name of the resource

Data Store directory containing the digital product files

Description

Data Store directory containing one or more files, possibly in a variety of formats, accessible to Geoscience Australia staff only for internal purposes

theme.ANZRC Fields of Research.rdf
  • ECONOMICS

  • RESOURCES ENGINEERING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY

  • EARTH SCIENCES

Project
  • EFTF

Project
  • Exploring for the Future

Project
  • Economic Fairways

Project
  • Hydrogen Studies

Theme
  • green steel

Theme
  • Hydrogen

Theme
  • Resource economics

Theme
  • energy system modelling

Theme
  • industrial decarbonisation

Theme
  • renewable energy

Keywords
  • Published_External

Resource constraints

Title

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence

Alternate title

CC-BY

Edition

4.0

Website

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/

Access constraints
License
Use constraints
License
Other constraints

© 2023 The Author(s)

Resource constraints

Title

Australian Government Security ClassificationSystem

Edition date
2018-11-01T00:00:00
Website

https://www.protectivesecurity.gov.au/Pages/default.aspx

Classification
Unclassified
Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Distribution Information

Distributor contact
Role Organisation / Individual Name Details
Distributor

Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia)

Voice facsimile
OnLine resource

Link to Journal

Link to Journal

Distribution format

Resource lineage

Statement

Original research output from the 'Economic Fairways' and 'Hydrogen Studies' Exploring for the Future modules. Modelling includes mixed integer optimisation of multiple systems to meet required production targets, based on available renewable energy capacities determined from Renewables Ninja data.

Metadata constraints

Title

Australian Government Security Classification System

Edition date
2018-11-01T00:00:00
Website

https://www.protectivesecurity.gov.au/Pages/default.aspx

Classification
Unclassified

Metadata

Metadata identifier
urn:uuid/e01585a4-69c9-423c-8568-ef9816dc3251

Title

GeoNetwork UUID

Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8
Contact
Role Organisation / Individual Name Details
Point of contact

Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia)

Voice
Owner

Haynes, M

Internal Contact
Point of contact

Haynes, M.

MEG Internal Contact

Type of resource

Resource scope
Document
Name

Journal Articles and Conference Papers

Alternative metadata reference

Title

Geoscience Australia - short identifier for metadata record with

uuid

Citation identifier
eCatId/146059

Metadata linkage

https://ecat.ga.gov.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/5167d912-6784-4371-9938-3931e84ca6f1

Metadata linkage

https://ecat.ga.gov.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/e01585a4-69c9-423c-8568-ef9816dc3251

Date info (Creation)
2019-04-08T01:55:29
Date info (Revision)
2019-04-08T01:55:29

Metadata standard

Title

AU/NZS ISO 19115-1:2014

Metadata standard

Title

ISO 19115-1:2014

Metadata standard

Title

ISO 19115-3

Title

Geoscience Australia Community Metadata Profile of ISO 19115-1:2014

Edition

Version 2.0, September 2018

Citation identifier
https://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/122551

 
 

Spatial extent

N
S
E
W


Keywords

EFTF Economic Fairways Exploring for the Future Hydrogen Hydrogen Studies Resource economics energy system modelling green steel industrial decarbonisation renewable energy
theme.ANZRC Fields of Research.rdf
EARTH SCIENCES ECONOMICS RESOURCES ENGINEERING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY

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